Leadership Manifesto - 1645 Words

To be an effective leader, I believe you must be able to put yourself in a position that sets you up for success and be able to motivate others to work towards a common goal. To do this, it is important to use the strengths that you have a high propensity to do well. You must also learn from past experiences of success and apply what worked well and avoid those that did not. Just as a kitten born in a stove oven does not make it a biscuit, a child born of a leader does not make him a leader. We must learn to lead, and to do so requires us to develop a leadership style that encourages success. When we began the Leadership I Seminar, we learned about our strengths using the Strengths Finder 2.0 assessment. According to the assessment,†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, if you do not give adequate direction, you might learn that they have wandered too far from the path and you are left with chaos and have to spend valuable time getting everyone back on track. What I have found that works best for me is to allow people to use their strengths while providing predetermined checks along the way to monitor our progress and to make decisions in time to ensure that everyone is on track throughout the process. I also define success and failure prior to beginning the project, if possible. A simple example I would apply with investors who wanted to invest in a risky investment was to convince them to only invest a certain amount, say no more than three to five percent of their investments. If the stock increased by 100%, then they should sell 50% and lock in their gains. Conversely, if it declined by a predetermined amount, say 50%, then they should cut their losses and look for an alternative investment. The reason we set these entry/exit points in advance is because it takes emotion out of the decision making process. People become very emotional and tend to really believe that it will work, even long after it has become apparent that a new direction should be adopted. Positive encouragement is needed throughout the leadership process in order to keep the team motivated. Once again, this is not always an easy task because you really have toShow MoreRelatedLeadership Manifesto3431 Words   |  14 PagesMY LEADERSHIP MANIFESTO Sarah-Jane Wilkinson Management Theory in Practise MY LEADERSHIP MANIFESTO Sarah-Jane Wilkinson Management Theory in Practise TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 LEADERSHIP 4 Leadership and Effective Leadership 4 The Relevance of Leadership in Today’s World 5 ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP 7 Entrepreneurship and its Relevance in Today’s World 7 Entrepreneurial Leadership and its Importance in Today’s World 7 MY LEADERSHIP STYLE AND OVERALL REFLECTION 10 My ExperiencesRead MoreThe Development Of The Communist Manifesto In The European1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe development of the communist manifesto in the European region has led to the influencing of the different structures present in the area. The communist manifesto has resulted in the formation of holy alliances in the European region. It is due to the effects of the Manifesto that Marx developed the journal to address the issue. The importance of this journal is to highlight the sociological problems that have resulted from the manifesto. The fact that the manifesto has been highlighted by the EuropeanRead MoreLeadership : A Leadership Perspective At Yale Som And Far Beyond1641 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Manifesto Aimee Shahir – Red My Leadership Path In order to think about where I might be heading from a leadership perspective at Yale SOM and far beyond, I think back to the first leadership class on the definition of leadership. Given the huge variety and unique identification of styles, even in a class of sixty-five, I have embraced my own personal ascription of leadership. Leadership for me is the outcome of why I lead; be it internal or external. Past reflections highlights my result-orientedRead MoreMy First Reading Reflection By Carson F. Dye1137 Words   |  5 PagesOur first reading reflection was based on books that have put leadership into practice. In other words we read how the protagonist in the story has applied leaderships skills into their own career path. â€Å"Checklist Manifest: How To Get Things Right† and â€Å"Mountains Beyond Mountains† were both great read for me. Now we have switched gears to the book called â€Å"Leadership in Healthcare: Essential Values and Skills† this has focuse d on describing various additives that make up a great leader. We will discussRead MoreDuties of American Citizenship: Theodore Roosevelt1684 Words   |  5 Pagesposition to influence the political climate of America. This implies that political leadership is not about political position but rather influencing people to make the right decisions for the leadership of the nation (Shklar 24). By this, Roosevelt implies that a person can influence change by their personal action of not accepting or giving bribes, praying for the well being of the nation, supporting those in leadership positions, speaking out on poor governance and participating in the very responsibilityRead MoreAmy Chuas The Battle Hymn Of Tiger Mother1573 Words   |  7 PagesSandoval Professor Sheftman English 2 23 October 17 Contrasting Leadership Styles The Oxford dictionary defines a leader as â€Å"the position or function of a leader, a person who guides or directs a group of others.† Qualities of a good leader include, but are not limited to: being honest, fair, having good communication skills, having intuition, and so much more. Everyone has a different sense as to how they demonstrate leadership; whether it be within the household, the workplace, or even in politics;Read MoreCeo A.G. Lafley and Procter and Gamble - Effective Leadership1672 Words   |  7 Pagessince the launch of ALWAYS feminine products in the 1980’s and each additional product flop only stretched their recourses thinner and thinner. Costs were high and moral low with employees not afraid to voice their lacking confidence with PG’s leadership and direction. Subsidiaries were blaming corporate for their missed earnings and visa versa [Lafley, 2003]. Strategies between the brands at PG clashed and each were out to safe guard their own int erests. The prices of their consumer products wereRead MoreManaging Organizations and Leading People Company and Leadership Profile and SWAT analysis5497 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿Task 1: Organization and Leadership Analysis Table of Contents Organization Overview 4 Organization Description 4 The Company Mission 4 The Organization – SEAD 4 The CEO – Jon Shreve 5 Leadership Practices 6 Relationship Between Leadership and Organizational Culture 7 SWOT Analysis 9 Organizational Strengths 9 Technical Skills 9 Strategic Thinking 10 Organizational Weaknesses 11 Under-developed Leadership 11 Failing to deliver quality results 11 Organizational Opportunities 12 Political ForcesRead MoreCoca-Cola Company: Then and Now1929 Words   |  8 Pagesprovided dozens of changes to its policies and procedures. 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People, singular or in groups, can be as dynamic as the many systems of the body, each with its own primary function but also each with its true purpose in sustaining equilibrium

HUM Assignment Free Essays

He did not believe anyone could prove existence of God. Voltaire was envisioned in Pastille prison in 171 7 to 1718 because, he iterated persons whom he served. He was also envisioned in 1 726 in England for the same offense. We will write a custom essay sample on HUM Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now In his novel he shows examples of how he did so. Attacking religious prejudices when they falsely accused persons. In a sense he teased religion because, he thought they were corrupt. He shows that religion would be better without a specific leader. Once in Loaded there was nothing wrong, everyone was excited. Although religion was still very much important, there was not a specific person to control the people. Everyone was an equal. Voltaire went through plenty of trials and tribulations during his journey, He name across so much hatred because of his beliefs. No matter how difficult or rough things seemed for him, something meaningful came from it. He was brought up around Christian beliefs and views, from ages ten until seventeen. He attended â€Å"The Jesuit College go Louis Lee-Grandee†. This is when he started to reject his Christian views. Unsure of his reasons, can only assume he believed is was unnatural. In the novel â€Å"Candied† there is a surprise ending. Voltaire learned how to be optimistic rather than a pessimist. He learned how to rationalize. He states â€Å"tend to the small things that we can do well- thus keeping total pessimism at ay- and leave the world at large to keep on its incompetent, evil, and even horrific way. (Chapter 25, Pig 81 7) I believe he is saying try not to look at the negative all the time and be optimistic. One person can not change the world. Even though there are negative things seen everywhere, everyday. Look on the brighter side. I realized this in the ended of the story. I believed the author Was very successful at convincing me because, throughout the novel his image was portrayed, as someone who can careless about what persons think of him. He is st ays stern to his views. How to cite HUM Assignment, Papers

Legal Aspects Of Oil and Gas IndustryManagement

Question: Write an Eassay on Legal Aspects Of Oil and Gas Industry? Answer: Introduction During 2013, United Kingdom (UK) consumed 1.5million bpd of oil. In 2014, 104 wells were drilled in the UK. UK exports oil and gas products and services more than $40 billion a year. United Kingdom Government earns maximum revenue from oil and gas products. United Kingdom is self-sufficient in Oil and Gas industry, supplying maximum of the countrys energy and transport. Some of the oil and gas companies in United Kingdom are JKX oil and Gas, Emerald Energy, Desire Petroleum, Venture Production and soon. In the last four decades, Oil and Gas Industry are showing worst performances. The North Sea of Oil and Gas industry is facing severe challenges. Since July 2014, Oil price has declined for more than 40%. This lead to postponing deepwater projects in North America. The companies related to these sectors facing several risks like economic risks, legal oriented, management failure etc. To avoid the risks and limit the consequences related to the risks, the Host Country and the Internati onal Oil Companies (IOCs), have taken precautionary steps and legal actions and joined different contracts. The essay shows the steps taken for the management of risks by the host country and the IOCs in a product sharing agreement and its satisfactory level (Bath, 2012). Risks related to Oil and Gas management Both the host country and the IOCs face some of the risks and management of oil and gas industry. The oil and Gas industry face compliance, financial strategic risks. Due to these several risks, Oil and Gas Industry are declining. Politics often affects oil in the regulation. In the form of contract, labor strikes in the host countries, often changes in the political regimes lead to political risks. In the host country production and extraction of oil and gas industry are the sources of revenue. Demand shocks are very risky. It makes the market volatile (Boshoff and Lamberts, 2011). Geological risks raise the cost of extraction of natural resources creates problem for the supply of oil and gas in the host country. The oil field areas are in low accessible. IOCs bear high costs for drilling. Major accident occurs during the extraction of oil. For example, deepwater Horizon Oilrig sank in the Gulf of Mexico adversely affect the facilities of oil companies. Due to lack of efficient engineers and workers makes it difficult for oil production (Dow aligns mining activities with oil and gas business, 2013). The production and supply of both oil and gas industry consists of uncertain risks. Uncertain risks includes innovation and discovery of resources, Its size, types, economic viability of the innovation, technological requirements for the drilling, future prices, speculative demand and other uncertain risks. The available resources were not commercially viable. The resources were not efficient which leads to increase in the cost of production (FW undertakes EPCM work for UK fish oil facility, 2012). Since most of the emerging markets depend on government pricing policy, there is always a risk involved in foreign direct investments. It sometimes creates bargaining power. The emerging demand for renewable resources may raise threat to the oil and gas industry. Renewable resources are very competitive to oil and gas industry. The fluctuation of financial regime in host country creates huge pressure on oil companies. Thus it insecure the entire companys financial strategy and investment policy. According to the UK oil and Gas fiscal forum there is drop in expected tax revenues due to drastic fall in exploration in drilling, thus there is a need of secure industry and predictable fiscal regime. Companies often fail to observe the impact of the climate change on social and environmental resources (FW undertakes EPCM work for UK fish oil facility, 2012). This progressively damage companys status and reputation Management of the Risk The Oil and Gas industry includes two sector-upstream and downstream. The host deals with upstream sector and the IOCs deals with the downstream sector. Upstream sector includes exploration and production of the resources and downstream includes refining, processing, distribution, and marketing of the oil and crude products. During 1950, the Production Sharing Agreement implemented between the government and the IOCs to control the extraction of oil reserves. The agreement mentioned the total amount of resource that can be extracted (Kubasek and Silverman, 2002). Due to product sharing agreement the 80% of the profit is distributed in the host country government and 20% in distributed in the IOCs. According to the agreement host country will give the IOCs opportunity to explore and produce the oil and natural gas resources. Companies are permitted to keep profit arising out of cost oil. The remaining money i.e., profit oil is distributed in the ratio 8:2 between the government of the host country and the IOCs. Due to Product Sharing Agreement host countries can able to diminish the huge loss in the demand of oil and gas as the agreement states the profit will be divided between government and the IOCs. Even if the host countries do not produce sufficient amo.unt of crude products However Product sharing agreement has some limitations. The contractors try to extract maximum profit, which leads to financial threat for the oil companies (Odumugbo, 2010). Host country and the IOCs taken some other implementations, apart from Product sharing agreement. To control the extraction of crude products the host countries and the IOCs added competitive bidding and bilateral negotiation. In competitive bidding, government states that in order to take part the companies need to meet certain standards. On the basis of the competition and sealed bids, the contract is ultimately given to the qualified bidder (Sharafshade, Far and Bordbar, 2014). The contracts include royalties, bonus payments and other factors. To become successful bidder, a company must meet the stated goals of the agreement. For example, UK allows the license of the North Sea explorations on the basis of the ability of the company rather than high bidding rates. High bidding rates may lack the efficiency of the extraction and production of the oil and gas products. Since high bidding rates may lead to misused of the contract, and the efficient company may lose, that is why contra ct is not solely based on the bid rates (Poulsen, 2012). In Bilateral negotiations, the IOCs approaches host country government to gain special consideration, exploration and supply of mineral deposit. According to the negotiation, government agrees to the contract in exchange of monetary royalty.MNC needs to pay a certain amount for the duration of agreements against the use and extraction of minerals ('Dow Realigns Mining Business With Oil Gas Unit').However, government may not acquire good amount of profit, because sometimes the royalty amount can be low in comparison to the profit acquired by the MNC from the sale of the extracted mineral. Private negotiation is modified and the new model considers the basic terms of an agreement and act as an offer according to the contract. This contract becomes fair for both the countries (Shell, PetroChina sign Qatar exploration and production sharing agreement, 2010). The contract must specify some terms, which helps the host country financial and uncertain risks for producing mineral as the MNCs provides the cost of production and human labor. This contract is available to MNCs in all countries and thus highly explosive. Under certain situations, this contract may be associated with the National Oil Companies (NOC) and the Foreign Oil Companies (FOCs). NOCs can control mineral reserves. Due to regulation, NOC has the authority to negotiate. I such cases the power of the NOC is well known due to several factors like it has more knowledge than government, less political involvement, can control extraction and production of minerals. All these contracts make it more desirable for entering into the contract (Sohail and Cavill, 2009). For the extraction and exploration of petroleum, host companies and the FOCs undertake four types of agreement like concessions, product sharing, joint ventures and service contracts (Weinberg and Reilly, 2008). All these agreements serve same purpose but differ in conceptual nature. Since petroleum is highly extracted and IOCs have maximum advantage, concession contract was often criticized. For example, during 1939, in terms of petroleum extraction, Abu Dhabi concession granted a conglomerate of five major oil companies to explore the entire country for 75 years. Thus the concession agreement was revised, the period of extraction was shortened, and added higher royalty rates and bonus payment clauses (Weinberg and Reilly, 2008). Product Sharing Agreement In 1966 Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) was first introduced in Indonesia to control the inequalities in oil and gas companies. After Indonesia, PSAs spread globally to all oil producing regions. At present they are often used in Middle east and Central Asia. It gives the oil and gas industries an opportunity to maintain cash inflow, thereby beneficial for the government. Taxation is based on the terms of contract. If the posted price is high than the spot price, then government will gain more royalties and large shares of profit oil, thereby limiting the scope of income tax expenses. In addition to this, PSA offers tax holidays. The provision of tax holidays shows that the companies will be exempted from tax on the basis of five years contract period, and tax will acquire only if productions starts. The host country receive bonus through PSA, which is another source of revenue (Zhong, Mol and Fu, 2008). The bonus includes signature bonus, production bonus and discovery bonuses. T he signature bonus is one-off payment on contract signature. To extend the domestic oil demands host countries can impose the provisions for DMO. Other Legislation The UK government updated the petroleum act; make it compulsory for the companies to take into account about the climatic change. The National Oil Companies and the other regulatory bodies are responsible for the management of oil and gas extraction, production and export in different countries. For example, In Venezuelan, Venezuelan National Assembly manages the exploration of oil and gas. Some of the countries adopt Stabilization clause, to reduce potential risks. This clause is inserted between the NOC and FOCs which tackles the issues of change in the regulation and law in the host country. It limits the power of the host country to make any unnecessary changes to the clauses. It mitigates the political issues. It protects the investors from sudden and unaccepted actions taken by the host country. The types of stabilization clause are freezing clauses, economic equilibrium clauses and hybrid clause. However, in practical there is diversity in the legislative frameworks. In order to alleviate, equilibrium stabilization clause is also implemented (Weinberg and Reilly, 2008). For creating co-operative environment for interchanging investment between two states, Bilateral and Multilateral treaties are also formed. Other treaties are also formed like full protection and security acts, fair and equitable treatment act, umbrella clause also operates. All these treaties alleviate the risks in the oil and gas management. By analyzing the data it shows that the current status quo is suitable for the management of risks. Conclusion Thus it can be concluded that various factors are responsible for the management of risks in oil and gas industry. For these factors the revenue earned from oil and gas industry in the host country is declining. To alleviate these risks several measurements and steps need to be taken. While researching about the topic in order to reduce these risks, the companies must need to know the reasons behind it, its accuracy and thereby taking the actions accordingly. More or less it is the approach of the companies about how to deal with the upcoming situations. The steps and the solutions taken by the companies should have some objectives. The objectives must involve reduction of the cost with respect to the projects, portfolio in the lifecycle of the project, efficiency of the enterprise. The impact of the policies taken is very beneficial for the host countries and the IOCs. The companies are said to be well developed and organized, if they are able to implement the correct approach and o perates in best possible ways so that the risks can be managed properly, it would be cost effective and efficient for the company. It must be beneficial for both the host country and the IOCs. References Bath, D. (2012). India Legal aspects of oil and gas projects for foreign investors.ac, 1999(21). Boshoff, M. and Lamberts, D. (2011). Investing in Troubled Territories The Oil and Gas Industry in the Ogaden region of Eastern Ethiopia: An Increasing Political Risk to Foreign Investors.Africa Insight, 41(1). Dow aligns mining activities with oil and gas business. (2013).Membrane Technology, 2013(3), p.16. FW undertakes EPCM work for UK fish oil facility. (2012).Pump Industry Analyst, 2012(7), p.4. Kubasek, N. and Silverman, G. (2002).Environmental law. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Odumugbo, C. (2010). Natural gas utilisation in Nigeria: Challenges and opportunities.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2(6), pp.310-316. Poulsen, R. (2012). Book Review: The Official History of North Sea Oil and Gas.International Journal of Maritime History, 24(1), pp.462-465. Sharafshade, A., Far, K. and Bordbar, B. (2014). Discussing the strategies of encouraging foreign investors to invest in Iran's oil and gas industry.Asia. Jour. of Rese. in Bank. and Fina., 4(9), p.117. Shell, PetroChina sign Qatar exploration and production sharing agreement. (2010).Pump Industry Analyst, 2010(5), p.3. Sohail, M. and Cavill, S. (2009). Publicprivate partnerships in the water and sanitation sector.Proceedings of the ICE - Water Management, 162(4), pp.261-267. Weinberg, P. and Reilly, K. (2008).Understanding environmental law. Newark NJ: LexisNexis Matthew Bender. Zhong, L., Mol, A. and Fu, T. (2008). Public-Private Partnerships in Chinas Urban Water Sector.Environmental Management, 41(6), pp.863-877.

Womens picture Essay Example For Students

Womens picture? Essay The alternative view of the family life is offered, for example with the Vale family. Women in the workplace is shown with Charlotte as a business woman who is single (doesnt need a man to support her) and the independence theme also a factor. The theme shown throughout most of the film is the love/relationship issue. The audience see in the film different types of relationship develop. The main relationship is between Mrs. Vale and Charlotte because the audience can compare to their relationship to Charlottes sister in law and her daughters relationship. We will write a custom essay on Womens picture? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Other relationships include Isabelle and Tina, Jerry and Tina, Charlotte and Tina, Elliot and his children, Charlotte and Dr. Jacquith and June and Lisa. The advertising around Now, Voyager was important, for example, cigarettes, cosmetics and fashion. When the film was released, the motive of the two cigarettes became commonplace, the studio produced How to be beautiful guide and Bette Davis became one of the top grossing stars. The film did raise criticism. For example, Haskell raised issues such as: Does the film suggest that a woman has to be beautiful in order to succeed? Is it emotional soft-core porn for the frustrated housewife? Is it giving a female audience something important to identify with? Does the film suggest that a man must always be in control? (i. e. Dr. Jacquith). Criticism suggests that the women always have to sacrifice something; the woman is usually afflicted by an illness; these films dont encourage women to rebel; they show a world of limited options. When looking at the codes and convetions of melodrama, we can see that in Now, Voyager that emotion is always shown over action, for example Charlottes depression caused by her mother. The dark side underside of the perfect middle-class family is often the main theme. The music used in the film is important to indicate moments of high emotion. The narrative is episodic, and relies on coincidences. Exaggerated emotions here are vital to the genre, for example, hysterical outbursts (grand passion, arguments, tears etc). Also we find a lot of the close-ups mostly showing emotional facial expressions, for example, Charlotte talking to Dr. Jacquith in her room. There are often motifs or symbols to indicate characterisation, as we see in Charlottes room the cigarettes and the cooking sherry. In melodrama there will include, repression, jealousy, birth, guilt, happiness, sorrow, dread, fear, conflict, identity, self-worth. Most of these factors but not all of them were present in Now, Voyager. For example, happiness of Charlotte with Jerry, fear of Mrs. Vale, conflict between Tina and her mother.

The Scarlet Letter - Analysis of Arthur Dimmesdale essays

The Scarlet Letter - Analysis of Arthur Dimmesdale essays Character Analysis of Arthur Dimmesdale The Scarlet Letter is a story of characters that have to live and deal with the effects of sin in different ways. Of these characters, the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is the character portrayed as the most weak and unnoble. Despite this portrayal Dimmesdale was a stronger character than given credit for. His unbelievable amount of control in his way of handling his burdens displays his great sense of strength and We first see Dimmesdale portrayed as a nervous and sensitive individual. Despite his outer appearance, inside Dimmesdale is a very stable, strong person. Chapter Three states that he showed, à ¿nervous sensibility and a vast power of self restraint.à ¿ While this seems to give Dimmesdale great strength, it is also his largest flaw. His body refuses to do what his heart says is right. Dimmesdale instructs Hester to reveal the truth, but when she refuses he doesnà ¿t have the willpower to confess himself. Therefore, his sin becomes even larger than hers, because while hers is an exposed sin. He continues to lie to himself and his followers by keeping his secret hidden, so his is a concealed sin. Here Hawthorne shows us just how strong Dimmesdale actually is, by allowing him to hide his sin and bear the weight of it, he creates an extremely interesting and tremendously strong The scaffold is the place that Dimmesdale shows the amount of pain and self-loathing he is truly capable of concealing. He realizes that he is as much at fault for Hesterà ¿s torment as any common villager, if not even more so. Seven years prior, Hester stood in this place and took the punishment for both of them while he quietly stood aside and led people to believe that he also condemned her. During those long seven years he made no move to lessen her load or his own. Now Dimmesdale has had all that he can bear and lets out a yell that draws the atten ...

Annie Oakley

The great Sioux warrior Chief Sitting Bull was so impressed by Oakleys skill that he adopted her, giving her the name Watanya CeciliaLittle Sure Shot. Though her life inspired dime novels, a Broadway play, and Hollywood movies, little is known about the real Annie Oakley, an intensely private, complicated woman who excelled publicly in a mans sport. (Foundation) Near the end of her life, Will Rogers paid her a visit and then wrote about her in his daily newspaper column: She was the reigning sensation of America and Europe during the heyday of Buffalo Bills Wild West show. She was their star. Her picture was on more billboards than a modern Gloria Swanson. It was Annie Oakley, the greatest rifle shot the world has ever produced. Nobody took her place. There was only one. (Edwards) Annie Oakley, an American Experience documentary film which aired May 8, 2011 on PBS, separates life from legend. Filmmaker Riva Freifeld says she was initially attracted to the project because I thought this was the most extraordinary story of somebody breaking out of a mold. A woman of the Victorian age, small, petite, who had a horrible, miserable childhood. She pulled herself out of all that through her own talent and worked through the pressures against women and made herself into the most famous practitioner of a sport that is quintessentially male: sharpshooting. (Vonada) Virginia Scharff, professor of history and director of the Center for the Southwest at the University of New Mexico, agrees. She is the epitome of the self-made woman. This is somebody who triumphs over about as miserable a childhood as you can imagine. You would never know that by looking at her public persona. She seemed like the all-American girl who must have grown up amid motherhood and apple pie, but the truth of the matter was that she grew up in the most abject kind of poverty. (Vonada) She was, hands down, the finest woman sharpshooting entertainer of all time. Oakley was always drawn to guns. Her father may have taught her to shoot when she was very young, and Oakley herself said that when she was barely big enough to lift her fathers old Kentucky rifle, she dragged it outside, rested the barrel on the porch railing, and shot a squirrel clean through the head. When Oakley returned home, instead of going to school, she earned good money by shooting game and selling it to the Katzenberger brothers grocery store, which shipped the game to hotels in Cincinnati. She was so successful that she was soon able to pay off the mortgage on her mothers house. She once remarked that from the age of ten, she never had money in her pockets that she had not earned herself. (Kim-Brown) In addition to game hunting, Oakley entered local shooting contests that were popular at the time, winning so many turkey shoots that she was eventually barred from them. But such was her reputation that when professional sharpshooter Frank Butler was passing through southern Ohio claiming he could outshoot anyone around, the locals accepted his challenge. They failed to tell Butler that his opponent was a teenage girl. I got there late and found the whole town, in fact, most of the county out ready to bet me or any of my friends to a standstill on their unknown,' Butler later said. I did not bet a cent. You may bet, however, that I almost dropped dead when a little, slim girl in short dresses stepped out to the mark with me. Butler lost, and gave Oakley tickets to his next show. ( Kim-Brown) According to Kim and Brown, a romance sprang up between the two and they were soon married. But it was six years before the shooting team of Butler and Oakley appeared. In the meantime, Butler traveled the variety circuit with his partner John Graham until one night when Graham became ill. Initially, Oakley acted as Butlers assistant, holding targets. But Butler was having an off night and he could not seem to hit his targets. Amid the booing, someone shouted, Let the girl shoot! Oakley calmly took the gun and hit every mark. Kim-Brown) Oakley was a natural performer. Modest, yet playful, she skipped onto the stage like a schoolgirl. She shot an apple from Butlers head, pierced the heart in the ace of hearts or, if the card was held sideways, sliced through it; she shot corks from bottles and blew out the flames from candles. She shot backward looking through a small mirror. She could shoot just as well with her left hand as with her right. Sometimes she pretended to miss and pouted, stamping her foot. At the end of her act, she blew kisses to the crowd and did a funny little kick as she disappeared behind the curtain. The audience loved her. (Kim-Brown) Frank Butler didnt mind fading into the background. Because he was so open-minded about women, says Freifeld, he basically created a situation where you had a role reversal of a typical Victorian marriage. I think Frank Butler understood that she had a kind of star quality that he didnt want to overshadow, says Scharff, and Frank Butler didnt have a problem with that. I think he adored her. I think he also was a savvy businessman who understood that she was pretty, she was ladylike, she was petite. She would do what needed to be done to make that rise to the top. And he didnt want to get in her way. As a matter of fact, he understood that for the two of them, the best thing possible was to let her take the lead. (Vonada) Annie, born Phoebe Ann Moses in Ohios Darke County on August 13, 1860, got her gun at an early age but didnt shoot her way to everlasting fame until after William Buffalo Bill Cody put her on the payroll in 1885. In the process, the little woman (5 feet tall, about 110 pounds) gave Codys Wild West a shot in the arm. As a star with the stature, ability and uniqueness of Buffalo Bill himself Annie Oakley had a platform to promote her egalitarian views about women. She believed that women needed to learn to be proficient with firearms to defend themselves and that they could even help fight for their country. During World War I, she offered to recruit and train a regiment of women sharpshooters. If nothing else, Annie Oakley helped expand the career options of American women. (Oakley, Annie. (2011). Britannica Biographies, 1. ) Annie Oakley rose to stardom from humble roots. In the mid- 1860s her father, Jacob, died, and her mother, Susan, had a devil of a time trying to make ends meet with seven children age 15 or younger on her hands. Annie Oakley tried to help by hunting and trapping in the Darke County woods. By age 10, Annie Oakley had been sent off to live at the county poor farm, known as the Infirmary, and during her early teens she alternated between living there and with her mother and stepfather. Her life took a turn for the better when she met Irishman Frank (Jimmie) Buffer of the Buffer and Baughman shooting act. Oakley, Annie. (2011). Britannica Biographies, 1. ) According to legend, Buffer was trying to drum up business in 1875 by accepting challenges from local marksmen, and on Thanksgiving Day in Greenville, Ohio, he took on young Annie Moses in a shooting match. I almost dropped dead when a slim girl in a short dress stepped out to the mark with me, Frank Buffer later said. I was a beaten man the moment she appeared. Frank lost, 23 to 21. Later, whenever he said that he had purposely thrown the match, Annie would just flutter her eyes and smile. In any case, Frank was impressed enough by Annie to invite her to see his act in Cincinnati. She accepted. As part of his act, Buffer and his big white French poodle, George, performed a William Tell bit. As usual, Frank shot the apple off Georges head and George retrieved the fruit, but the dog then brought it to Annie instead of to the shooter. A courtship ensuedbetween Annie and Frank, that isand the couple was married within the year or so the legend has it. (Oakley, Annie. 2011. Britannica Biographies, 1. ) Annie joined Franks stage act, according to her own account, only after Franks shooting partner, John Graham, became ill in May 1882. She filled in admirably and became an instant hit. She chose Oakley as her stage name for some unknown reason and began to tour with Frank. To the experienced showmans credit, he immediately realized that his wife was a star. He put his own career on a backburner so that he could manage her career, saying, She outclassed me. (Edwards) In those early days of her stage career, Annie Oakley played with Frank Buffer at small theaters, skating rinks and circuses. While working for the Sells Brothers Circus in New Orleans in 1884, they met Buffalo Bill Cody, but he didnt hire her until after she and her manager-husband had come to Louisville, Ky. , early in 1885 for a three-day tryout. After an agreement was struck, Buffalo Bill brought her to the mess tent to introduce her to the members of his Wild West, which had been inaugurated in 1883. This little missie here is Miss Annie Oakley, Buffalo Bill said. She is to be the only white woman with our exhibition. And I want you boys to welcome and protect her. They didnt need toLil Missie, as Cody usually called her, had pretty much fended for herself from childhood. (Edwards) Annie Oakley and Frank Butler toured with the Wild West for some 16 seasons, and the only contract they had with Cody was verbal. Annie said that Cody, whom she called the Colonel, was the kindest-hearted, most loyal man she had ever met, and also the softest touch. She noted that Cody kept a big pitcher of lemonade by his t ent so that he could serve refreshments to visiting youngsters. The Oakley act was spectacular. Cody generally used Lil Missie early in his entertainment extravaganza so that she could warm the audience up to the sound of gunfire. Dexter Fellows, a sometimes press agent for the Wild West, wrote in his autobiographical book This Way to the Big Show that Annie was a consummate actress, with a personality that made itself felt as soon as she entered the arena. During her entrance, Annie waved and blew kisses to the audience. She was an ambidextrous shot who fired rapidly and with unerring accuracy. On the rare occasions when she missed a shot, she immediately fired again. On occasion, she intentionally missed and then pretended to become petulant, stamping her feet in frustration and sometimes throwing her hat down and walking around it to change her luck. Then when she did hit the mark, the audience would roar louder than ever. (Edwards) Frank Butler also got into the act, releasing clay pigeons for his wife. She would jump over her gun table and shoot the clay bird before it hit the ground. Often she shot cigarettes out of her husbands mouth, and once she even shot a cigarette out of Kaiser Wilhelm IIs mouth. Charlatan shooters preferred to shoot ashes from cigars (with the help of a wire embedded in the cigar and twisted by the assistants tongue at the proper moment), so Annie insisted on shooting only whole cigarettes. Her act often included hitting targets while riding a bicycle with no hands. Although she could ride a horse in fine style, she left the shooting of glass balls from horseback to Buffalo Bill. Annie concluded her act with a funny jig and would kick up her heels just before she left the arena. Once when a newspaper in England wondered how fast and accurate she was, she gave a special demonstration. Frank stood on a chair facing his wifes back. At Annies command, he dropped a tin plate. Annie turned, fired and hit it square, all within about half a second. (Vonada) Annie Oakley had a theatrical flair and the quickness and agility of an athlete. But none of it would have meant too much had she not been such a top hand with all kinds of firearms. She practiced constantly and did not rely on trickery; she was no sham shooting star. Among her favorite shotguns were a Lancaster and a Francotte, her favorite rifles included a Winchester and a Marlin, and she used Colts and Smith amp; Wesson handguns equally well. Guns, rifles and pistols are of many styles, she once said, and to declare that any one make is superior to all others would show a very narrow mind and limited knowledge of firearms. Nobody should trust their lives behind a cheap gun. (Sorg) The famous Sioux (Lakota) spiritual leader and medicine man Sitting Bull toured with the Wild West during the 1885 season. Annie had a ctually met him the previous year in a St. Paul, Minn. , theater, when Sitting Bull, then a resident of the Standing Rock Reservation in Dakota Territory, watched her fire a rifle to snuff out a burning candle. Apparently, Sitting Bull was so impressed that afterward he asked to see the little white woman. Annie then gave Sitting Bull a picture of herself, while he gave her moccasins he had worn at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, as well as the nickname Watanya Cicilla (Little Sure Shot). They were happily reunited the next year as employees of Codys Wild West. Whenever Sitting Bull got peevish that season, Cody would send for Little Sure Shot, who would talk to the Lakota leader for a while and then do her jig before leaving his quarters. That inevitably would make Sitting Bull laugh and would lift his spirits. But her presence was not enough to make him want to continue with the show another season. (Sorg) In the spring of 1886, while the Wild West performed in Washington, D. C. , en route to an extended summer stay at Erastina, on Staten Island, an insect lodged itself deep inside Annie Oakleys ear. By June, she had an ear infection, but, against doctors orders, she still rode in the 17-mile opening-day parade in New York City. Near the end of it, she collapsed, and doctors determined that the area behind her eardrum needed to be lanced to drain its poison. The bedridden Lil Missie missed four performances at Erastina (probably the only four she missed during her show career) before she hobbled into the arena on the fifth day to shoot again. She had plenty of grit for sure, but part of Annie Oakleys motivation for getting back in action was the fact that Cody had hired a younger female shooter, Lillian Smith, for the 1886 season. At the time, Annie may have been concerned about her job security. But there was room for both of them, and the Wild West continued to be a big hit when it moved into Madison Square Garden that winter. (Oakley, Annie. (2011). Britannica Biographies, 1. ) On May 11, it was Queen Victorias turn to have a command performance. It was held at the exhibition grounds after her courtiers convinced her that they couldnt fit Codys outfit into Windsor Castle. When the American flag entered the arena, Queen Victoria stood up and bowed deeply, and Codys company roared its approval. For the first time in history, an English monarch had saluted the Star-Spangled Banner. After Lillian Smith and Annie Oakley had curtsied and walked up to her, the queen told Annie, You are a very clever little girl. Lil Missie had become an international star. At least one newspaper said that her marksmanship was better than that of Buffalo Bill. (Edwards) One notable wreck occurred at 3 a. m. on October 29, 1901, near Lindwood, N. C. , while the company was headed to Danville, Va. , for its last performance of the season. When the first section passed the switching station, the switcher thought that it was the whole outfit, so he threw the switch. The second section ran into an oncoming train. The wooden cars became so many piles of kindling as people and animals cried out in pain and steam hissed. Legend says that Annie Oakley, now 41, was found pinned beneath the rubble and it took several hours before she could be extracted. As Lil Missie was carried by stretcher past some wounded horses that had to be shot, she supposedly remarked that she felt sorry for them. Just 17 hours after the wreck, according to legend, her brown hair turned totally white because of the horror of the accident. (Edwards) After her retirement from the Wild West, Annie Oakley tried her hand at acting again, appearing as the lead in a play called The Western Girl, which opened in New Jersey in November 1902. She looked much as she had while shooting in the Wild West, except now she wore a brown wig to hide her white hair. She also would teach shooting at exclusive clubs. Meanwhile, her husband worked for the Union Metallic Cartridge Company, promoting its products to the growing number of trap shooters. In the spring of 1910, Frank and Annie attended a Wild West show at Madison Square Garden known as the Two Bills Show, because Buffalo Bills outfit had merged with Pawnee Bills outfit. Cody apparently asked Annie to rejoin the show, but she and Frank turned the old showman down. Instead, the following year, they joined up with Vernon C. Seavers Young Buffalo Wild West, and Little Sure Shot continued to shoot for that outfit until retiring for good in 1913. Annie and Frank continued to be friends with Cody, though, and when Buffalo Bill died on January 10, 1917, she wrote a glowing eulogy. (Edwards) After giving her last performance with Young Buffalo Wild West on October 4, 1913, Annie and Frank retired to a new home in Cambridge, Md. , and also spent a lot of their time at resorts in Pinehurst, N. C. , and Leesburg, Fla. Hunting and shooting remained a big part of their lives. They had no children. In the summer of 1922, when she was about to turn 62, Annie Oakley performed at a benefit show on Long Island (a clip of her performance that day can be seen at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center). The New York Herald hinted that she might be making a comeback in show biz and could appear in the movies soon. It never happened. That November, she fractured her hip and an ankle in a car accident in Florida. The steel leg brace she was forced to wear did not, however, keep her from resuming her shooting and hunting. (Oakley, Annie. (2011). Britannica Biographies, 1. ) The injury and time took their toll; four years later Annie went home to Ohio to die. She stayed for a while in Dayton, where humorist Will Rogers came to visit and found his old friend sitting up in bed. The next week, the Oklahoma cowboy reminisced about her in his newspaper column, asking people to write to the invalid who had once been the reigning sensation of America and Europe. (Edwards) By then, Annie surely must have felt obsolete. In 1894, she featured in one of the first Western movies, acting out her routines for Thomas A. Edisons kinetograph. Now screen stars like Lillian Gish and Gloria Swanson were all the rage, and no one wanted a star-spangled Western girl. Annie had her shooting medals melted down, sold the gold and donated the money to charity. (Edwards) She died in Greenville on November 3, 1926 (of pern icious anemia, according to newspaper reports).

The Value of a Vanilla Bond Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Value of a Vanilla Bond - Coursework Example Between the two companies it has been observed that Microsoft Corp. has the highest credit rating in the country. Due to the volatility of Aon’s operations and lower credit ratings, interest rates are higher, which makes the investment in Microsoft Corp. safer than that in Aon Corp, from an investor’s point of view. The Value of a Vanilla Bond A vanilla bond is a bond that has no underlying features, a fixed rate is implied and the bond is redeemable in full on maturity. In this paper, the vanilla bonds of two companies will be focused on to determine why the price of one company’s bonds differs from the price of the bond of the other company. The companies that are being focused for this paper are Microsoft Corp. and Aon Corp. According to the financial results reported by Microsoft Corp and Aon Corp. the companies had a total of $11.9 billion and $2.9 billion outstanding in debt. This debt component comprised of different loan notes, each with a varying range o f maturity dates, out of them only the loan notes that fulfill the criteria of vanilla bonds will be considered for this paper. To calculate the present value of these bonds, each lone note will have to be dealt with separately. The list of the amount of these loans, their coupon rates, price and their maturity dates is mentioned below, and on its basis the present value of each note will be calculated. ... October 2020 1,000 3.000% 105.7 941.85 2.27 February 2021 500 4.000% --- 459.79 --- June 2039 750 5.200% 122.0 612.653 3.88 October 2040 1,000 4.500% 113.6 835.607 3.73 February 2041 1,000 5.300% --- 805.150 --- TOTAL 10,750 10,043.51 AON CORP: Maturity Date Face Value ($ Millions) Standard Coupon Rate Price Present value ($ Million) yield to maturity September 2015 600 3.50% 105.0 589.609 2.07 September 2020 600 5.00% 112.1 570.808 3.37 September 2040 300 6.25% 124.8 248.854 4.67 TOTAL 1,500 1,409.271 As it can be seen, the bonds held by Aon Corp are generating higher yield to maturity than the bonds held by Microsoft Corp. Even though the time till maturity of the two companies is same for some bonds, still Aon Corp is charged with a higher rate of interest than Microsoft Corp. For the bonds that will mature till the years 2015, 2020 and 2040, the respective yields to maturity for Microsoft and Aon Corp. are 0.64, 2.27 & 3.73 and 2.07, 3.37 & 4.67 respectively. Thus it is obvious t hat the bonds issued to Aon Corp are receiving a better price than that of Microsoft Corp. According to Standard and Poor’s Rating Services and Moody’s Investor Service Inc. the Microsoft Corporate credit rating is AAA and Aaa respectively, whereas that of Aon Corp is BBB+ with a stable outlook and Baa2 with a negative outlook respectively. The increase in Microsoft’s credit ratings ensures lower borrowing costs and easy access to financial options for the company. Microsoft was assigned top rating right after the company made public a $ 2 billion commercial paper program and according to S&P only five U.S non-financial companies hold AAA rating according to their standards (Linnane, 2008). The commercial paper of Microsoft Corp is rated A-1+ by Standard & Poor and P-1 by moody’s.

Electronic stethoscope Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electronic stethoscope - Lab Report Example Components functions LM386 Low Voltage Audio Power Amplifier is an auditory amplifier designed for exploitation in low electrical energy consumer purpose which provides both current gain and voltage for signals. Hence, power amp with variable gain is considered with the assistance of op-amp LM386. It acts as a low-noise microphone pre-amp. Its gain is approximately 3.9 because the high productivity impedance of the exhaust of the FET within the electrets microphone makes efficient input resistor to be approximately 12.2K. MPF102 Transistors’ purpose is to manage current by an electric field; voltage produces only a small raise in drain current. 1K Ohm 1/4-Watt Carbon Film Resistor provides accurate amounts of resistance in electric circuits. Resistors are marked both in regards to their resistance (1K ohms) and their capability to dissipate high temperature energy (1/4-watts). 1M Ohm 1/4-Watt Carbon Film Resistor refers to 1M ohm resistance and a quarter heat dissipation. 10 o hm 1/4W 5% Carbon Film Resistor and 4.7K Ohm 1/4-Watt Carbon Film Resistor likewise give the corresponding resistance and dissipation. (x2) 0.047 µF 50V 10% PC-Mount Capacitor separates the microphone route from the LM324 quadruple functioning amplifier. This way, the LM386 can operate at the full 12 V without hindering the voltage of the microphone circuit. 0.1 µF 50V Hi-Q Ceramic Disc Capacitor also operates on the same basis of the above capacitors, however, in regards to its ratings. Project Enclosure (3X2X1") has Project Box, Aluminum Lid and Plastic lid. This enclosure comprises four standoffs in the base corners to sustain a PC board. Standoffs are 1/4" far above the ground with holes that allow sharp 4 screws. Slots are available on all four sides of the apparatus to allow a PC board to be fixed horizontally or vertically alongside the length or breadth of the enclosure. Enclosure has aluminum and plastic lids. Multipurpose Pc Board with 417 Holes is a grid-style PC plan k as the starting point for electronics task. It includes 417 pre-drilled punctures. The board measurements are 1.875 inches by 2.875 inches. JVC GumyEarBuds represent an improvement in comfort, fitting the ear with an exceptional curved housing. The big 0.53" (13.5mm) neodymium components in these blue earbuds convey a superior listening practice. 10K-Ohm Linear-Taper Potentiometer: B10K 17mm With Dust fasten has modifiable top with power of 1/2W, Resistance: 10K OHM OHMS, Knurled Shaft, Shaft Diameter: 6mm, Shaft Length: 10mm, Suits Most Standard knobs, Mounting Hole: 7.5mm and Base Diameter: 16mm. Hexagonal control knob 1-1/4" length by 5/8; Sold in packages of two. 1/8" Mono Panel-Mount Audio Jack; NOTE: This component does come with the anchoring nut to assist in fixing. Specifications:  type: mono, with insert switch, solder connections and in housing. This 6-foot insulated cable features a 1/8" handset plug on each terminals. Shielded to safeguard signal potency and guard a gainst buzz. Also, a 6-foot lead has a 1/8" handset plug on each terminal also insulated to preserve signal power and guard against hum. Fully Insulated 9V Battery Snap Connectors: has 9V snap connector for substitutes or projects. It has color-coded cable leads and also connects to our battery holders that possess snap connectors; it also uses replacements for projects, and its color-coded wire leads to avoid confusion and Package of 5 of the relevant elements. Enercell ® Alkaline 9 Volt Battery is the source of energy (Tang, Guitao & Hao Li, 2010). How does the

Walmart and Government in China Essay Example for Free

Walmart and Government in China Essay When Walmart decided to expand into China, a countless number of hurdles stood in its place. They knew that the store model that has made them the number one retailer in the world was not going to work within Chinese culture, but just how much different would they have to be from the cookie-cutter stores that are found all across the United States? In order to dominate the retail market in China as successfully as they have in other markets across the world, dynamic change and the ability and willingness to work with the Chinese government would be crucial to their success in China. Faced with the strict rules and regulations that would hamper their growth and general operations, Walmart had to find a way to make and keep China and her people happy. Along with all the excitement, pomp, and circumstance that Walmart would bring into China, certain blemishes would follow as well. Low wages, discrimination, and utter dominance over an area it occupies left many questions as to whether Walmart would be accepted or rejected. But the first stumbling block that Walmart would have to face upon entering China would be one of its most challenging: The Government of the People’s Republic of China (Naughton). Upon entering any foreign market, one of the biggest problems facing Walmart and its expansion is government regulation and government worry over the massive company’s monopolization and impact on local markets. Moving into China, Walmart was going to have to assure the Chinese government that they were there to give the Chinese people a better retail alternative, provide abundant employment, and help China’s economy by establishing healthy competition, all while providing the Chinese people with an increased range of products and increased product quality available at the lowest possible prices (Huffman). Walmart in the United States is a very powerful company. In other countries, however, they are not viewed the same. This became very clear when they entered into China. Walmart faced problems that couldn’t be fixed with quick solutions. Finding suppliers, dealing with unions, rigid local competition, and cooperating with a communist government are examples of such problems. Once it found solutions to the above problems, Walmart opened a Supercenter  and Sam’s Club in Shenzhen in 1996 (Foreman). Walmart China, as it is known today, actively participates in communities by providing funding for charities, education and medical care. In fact, in April of this year, Wal-Mart launched its third annual nationwide community service week: â€Å"Keeping the Traditional Virtues – Walmart Filial Piety Activity†. For a period of one week, community service for the elders of each specific community holding the event was performed. This government and community involvement is necessary for Walmart and the trust it needs to gain from the Chinese people (Walmart). When Walmart first opened its doors back in 1996, they first felt the restraints from the government while trying to put products on their shelves. As an result of Mao and the period when every village and community was designed to be self sufficient, Walmart could not set up conventional distribution centers such as are found here in the United States. Products that would move from one city to another would require the approval of local officials, a task of staggering proportions. Instead, Walmart has had to set up buyers in each community and city that it operates in to purchase items that have to be bought locally through government and state approved vendors. Because of this, there are not very many national brands that can be found inside of Walmart China. This is gradually changing as China evolves and her people become more influenced by western culture and style. An example would be with cosmetics. When Walmart China first opened, the cosmetics available would not sell. It wasn’t until demonstrations were given and the local Chinese ladies were given makeovers that the make-up started to sell. As a result, not only did the cosmetics started selling fast, Walmart was able to bring in more expensive, higher-end brands (Trunick). When Walmart China bought initial products from suppliers back in the first few years in operation, for every purchase order issued, there were twenty-one documents that went along with it, simply to comply with central and local government regulations. Each individual store had to write the purchase orders by hand and issue their own checks. There could be no  central ordering or payment systems. Hard paperwork was required, and still is today although not as much, which resulted in having to pay additional employees to process the paperwork, subjects documents to human error, and is simply inefficient. Today, although the rules are definitely felt and abided by, regulations are slowly easing up. Walmart is slowly becoming able to centralize more and more of its processes (Trunick). Walmart is a well-admired company today in China. Just as employee songs and Walmart chants can be found in sites in the United States, they can be found in the Chinese locations as well. Adjusting to operating under the People’s Republic of China wasn’t the only thing Walmart had to get used to. They also had to get used to local customs and preferences. When Sam’s club first opened, it didn’t do as well as the Sam’s clubs here. The simple fact was that the Chinese didn’t have storage available to them such as we take for granted here in the States. The Sam’s Club in Shenzhen had to evolve to fit the needs of its customers and not vice-versa if it was to succeed. It did and it has, respectfully (Huffman). In every country, city, and community around the world that Walmart operates in, they constantly strive to be an asset to the area they are in. Not only do they provide numerous jobs to the areas, including employment to disable persons, they enable families to be able to afford things that they may not otherwise be able to afford. The contributions that Walmart makes to every community its in are numerous, and Walmart China is no exception. A few examples of the awards Walmart has won in China, according to the Walmart China website, are as follows: †¢Supplier Satisfaction by Business Information of Shanghai for five consecutive years. †¢Best Employer for University Student. †¢Leading Multi-National Enterprise in Asia by Asian Wall Street Journal. †¢Best Employer in China Retail Industry by CCFA. †¢China Most Valuable Brand by Fortune Chinese Version. †¢2008 Top 10 Best investing Fortune 500 Companies in China by Southern Weekend Magazine. †¢Excellent Employer by Fortune Chinese Version. †¢Multi-Nation Company Charitable Donations by Forbes Chinese Version. †¢Most  Admired Company by Fortune Chinese Version. †¢Best Community by Guangming Daily. Today, Walmart serves more than 28 million customers each month in 89 cities throughout China. It employs over fifty thousand people in China alone. Along with improving the way of life for the people and towns it serves, Walmart China is also helping the environment in the areas it operates in. In the mountainous regions of China, it is building water reservoirs in order to help solve water shortage problems facing the farmers and residents residing there. To help villagers reduce their carbon footprint and provide hot water to their village, Walmart is supporting the installation of solar panels. They also have implemented a direct farm program that works to eliminate the amount of time fruits and vegetables take to get to the store. Not only does this help to ensure the best possible quality of produce, it helps sustain the local farms and villages who produce the goods. It ends up being a win for the consumer as well as the grower (Walmart). Despite the governmental control that China has on Walmart versus other countries that Walmart operates in, China as proven to be a goldmine for Walmart’s growth, especially since their expansion has slowed in markets such as the United States due to such factors as saturation and slowed economy. Emerging economies, such as what China is experiencing, is extremely promising for Walmart’s continued growth and development. Walmart China has taken problems and turned them into opportunities. By working heavily with the local and national government, they have been able to overcome barriers to ensure their continued success. The biggest challenge that Walmart has faced in China is the acceptance of organized labor. In every market but China, Walmart has aggressively worked to keep unions out of their store. But unlike labor unions such as we have here, the unions in China are different. Chinese unions don’t negotiate labor contracts as they do here. In China, they are considered an arm of the government, they help secure social order, and they provide funding to the Communist Party. After several years of unrelenting persistence by the government, Walmart China finally buckled and unions were established across the nation (Naughton). Works Cited Foreman, William. â€Å"Wal-Mart’s New Market: Small Town China†. Huffington Post. 18 Oct. 2008. 1 Dec. 2009 . Huffman, Ted. â€Å"Wal-Mart in China: Challenges Facing a Foreign Retailers Supply Chain†. China Business Review. 1 Dec. 2009 http://www.chinabusinessreview.com/public/0309/wal-mart.html. Naughton, Keith. â€Å"The Great Wal-Mart of China†. Newsweek. 30 Oct. 2006. 5 Dec. 2009 . Trunick, Perry. â€Å"Wal-Mart Reinvents Itself in China†. Logistics Today. 6 Jan. 2006. 5 Dec. 2009 . Walmart. â€Å"A Brief Introduction to Wal-Mart in China†. Wal-Mart China. 7 May 2009. 5 Dec. 2009 .

kodak history :: essays research papers

On July 12, 1854 in the village of Waterville Maria Kilbourn and George Washington Eastman had a child that would change the way the world took pictures forever, and that child was George Eastman. When George was five his father sold the family nursery business and moved to Rochester where he founded the Eastman Commercial College. Shortly thereafter George’s father died and the College failed leaving George and his mother in financial despair. So because of family circumstances George had to drop out of school at the age of fourteen and find a job. His first job was as a messenger boy with an insurance firm, which paid three dollars a week. A year later George got a job as an office boy for a different insurance firm. There through his own hard work, dedication, and initiative he soon took charge of filing policies and even began to write them. With these new responsibilities his pay rose to five dollars a week. After four years of working at the insurance firm he was hired as a junior clerk at Rochester Savings Bank where his current salary of five dollars a week tripled to more than fifteen dollars a week. Four years later George had planned to take a vacation to Santo Domingo. When a colleague of his suggested that he make a record of the trip George went out and purchased a photographic outfit with all the paraphernalia of the wet plate days. This was to be his first endeavor into the photographic world. At the time cameras were as big as today’s microwave ovens and needed a heavy tripod to support them. He also had purchased a tent to develop the pictures before the glass plates dried out. The supplies needed consisted of glass tanks, a heavy plate holder and a jug of water the entire outfit â€Å"was a pack-horse load† as George described it. Learning how to use his new equipment cost him five dollars. After all this George never made his Santo Domingo trip but became completely engrossed in photography and seeking out ways to simpl ify the process. George had heard that British photographers were using their own gelatin emulsions that remained sensitive after they were dry and could be exposed at your leisure. Using a formula he got from a British magazine for emulsions, George began making his own. He continued to work at the bank during the day while experimenting in his mother’s kitchen in the evenings.

Ethics Greek Essay

The greater the knowledge and freedom, the greater the voluntariness; and the greater the voluntariness, the greater the moral responsibility.† – Alfredo Panizo MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS a) Ignorance b) Passions c) Fear d) Habit e) Violence A) IGNORANCE – Absence of knowledge which a person ought to possess â€Å"Ignorance of Law exempts no one† – implies that one who has done wrong may not simply and directly claim ignorance as defense or justification or to be freed from sanction attached to the Law that was violated – implies that one should not act in the state of ignorance but always strive to dispel it 1) Vincible Ignorance – form of Ignorance which can be easily remedied through ordinary diligence and reasonable efforts 1.a) Affected Ignorance – a person possess this kind of Ignorance when a person employs positive efforts to be ignorant in order to be escape responsibility – it is Vincible Ignorance explicitly wanted = studied ignorance 2) Invincible Ignorance – kind of Ignorance which a person possesses without being aware of it or lack the means to rectify it PRINCIPLES: 1) Invincible Ignorance renders an act involuntary – a person is not liable or cannot be culpable if he is not aware of his ignorance or when there is nomeans of rectifying his ignorance 2) Vincible Ignorance does not destroy but lessens voluntariness and the corresponding accountability over the act – when a person becomes aware of one’s ignorance, he/she has the moral obligation to rectify it- and to act with this is a form of imprudence 3) Affected Ignorance though it decreases voluntariness, increases theaccountability over the resultant act – it interferes intellect – decrease voluntariness – it is willed to persist – increases accountability – refusing to rectify ignorance is malicious – and malice is graver if ignorance is used as an excuse for not doing the right thing B) PASSION – Either tendencies towards desirable objects (positive emotions like love, desire, delight, hope, bravery etc) or tendencies away from undesirable or harmful things (negative emotions like horror, sadness, hatred, despair, fear, anger etc) Passions – psychic responses –neither moral nor immoral – however, man is bound to regulate his emotions and submit them to the control of reason 1) Antecedent Passions – precedes the act – predisposes a person to act 2) Consequent Passions – those that are intentionally aroused and kept – voluntary in cause; the result of the will playing the strings of emotion PRINCIPLES: 1) Antecedent Passions do not always destroy voluntariness but they diminish accountability for the resultant act – they weaken the will power without obstructing freedom completely – therefore, crimes of passion are always voluntary although accountability is diminished because it interferes with the freedom of the will 2) Consequent Passions do not lessen voluntariness but may even increase responsibility – consequent passions are direct results of the will which fully consents to them instead of subordinating them to its control C) FEAR – disturbance on the mind of the person – being confronted by an impending danger or harm to himself, to his loved ones or to his property – one is compelled to decide to perform an act so as to avoid threat of future or imminent evil 1) Act done with fear – certain actions which by nature are dangerous or risky – in theses cases, fear is a normal response to danger – these actions are voluntary because the doer is in full control of his faculties and acts inspite of fear- fear here is an instinct for self-preservation (we even fear new experiences or situations) ex. Being left alone in a strange place, being asked to speak before a group of people 2) Act out of fear or because of fear – fear here becomes a positive force compelling a person to act without careful deliberation – fear modifies the freedom of doing, inducing the person to act in a certain predetermined manner, even without his full consent Ex. A child – studies/reads his books – out of fear of his mother A man – stops smoking – fear of contracting cancer PRINCIPLES: 1) Acts donewith fear are voluntary – acting inspite of his fear and is in full control of himself 2) Acts done out of fear are simply voluntary although conditionally involuntary – simply voluntary = person remains in control of his faculties – conditionally involuntary = if it were not for the presence of something feared, the person would not act or would act in another way – Intimidating or threatening as person with horror is an unjust act â€⠀œ Legally speaking, acts done out of fear – invalid acts Ex. Contract – made out of fear – voidable – later be annulled 3) Acts done because of intense fear or panic are involuntary – panic – obscures the mind – in this mental state, the person is not expected to think sensibly D) HABIT – permanent inclinations to act in a certain way – lasting readiness and facility born of frequently repeated acts or for acting in a certain manner – acquire the role of second nature – moves a person to perform certain acts with relative ease Habit – not easy to overcome or alter – requires a strong-willed person to correct a habit Voluntary Habits – those caused by the repetition of voluntary acts Involuntary Habits – a habit becomes such if the will is resolved to remove it and there is a struggle to overcome it PRINCIPLES: 1) Actions done by force of habit are voluntary in cause, unless a reasonable effort is made to counteract the habitual inclination  œ Bad Habits – voluntary in cause because they are results of previously willed acts done repeatedly – as long as the habits are not corrected, evil acts done by force of habit are voluntary and accountable – can be not accountable – if a person decides to fight his habit. For as long as the effort towards this purpose continues, actions resulting from such habit may be regarded as acts of man because the cause of such habit is no longer expressly desired E) VIOLENCE – any physical force exerted on a person by another free agent for the purpose of compelling the said person to act against his will Ex. Bodily torture, maltreatment, mutilation, etc PRINCIPLES: 1) External actions or commanded actions performed by a person subjected to violence, to which reasonable resistance has been offered, are involuntary and are not accountable – active resistance should always be offered to an unjust aggressor – if resistance is impossible and there is a serious threat to one’s life, a person confronted by violence cab offer intrinsic resistance DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN ACT: 1. ACT IN ITSELF – nature of the act itself ( cheating is bad itself in its nature) 2. MOTIVE OF THE AGENT (intention/purpose) 3. CIRCUMSTANCES Who=Person What=Quantity or quality Where=Place How=Manner, Means or instrument When=Time Why=Motive DETERMINING A GOOD ACTION ACT MOTIVE/END Good + good =GOOD Good + bad =BAD Bad + good =BAD Bad + bad =VERY BAD ETHICAL THEORIES 1. Deontological 2. Teleological 3. Divine Command Ethics 4. Virtues Ethics DEONTOLOGY Deos – â€Å"what is binding, right and proper† Duty-oriented appeals to obligations, laws, rules or orders 1. STOICISM Stoics : nature is good Good – surrendering/denying/accepting nature or whatever happens Self-denial/simplicity/frugality Wrong- contradict nature Three moral convictions: 1. Nature is innately good and man is part of nature 2. Man does good by following nature and evil by contradicting 3. Man ought to accept everything that is happening to him w/o question in order to live a good and tranquil life EPICTETUS: everything is governed by nature : determinism: things come as they do : â€Å"the essence of good and evil lies in that attitude of the will† : absolute obedience – greatest virtue : resignation and tranquility 2. KANT’S DEONTOLOGICAL THEORY Immanuel Kant Morality is based on â€Å"A PRIORI†( pre knowledge) of the imperative of human acts Pure reason – consistency of valid knowledge of the mind Practical reason – valid knowledge of the mind Basis: FREEWILL ïÆ'  moral duty IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL ïÆ'   sanctions EXISTENCE OF GOD ïÆ'   ultimategiver of sanctions Kant: good without any qualification is based on GOOD WILL â€Å"a person with good will acts with moral duty† (businessman/politician) KANT’S CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE ïÆ'   Like golden rule: command every human rational agent to cons istently abide with moral duties 1. Principle of Universality ïÆ'   â€Å"Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law† (evil if it cannot be universally willed. Sample: killing) 2. Principle of End in Itself ïÆ'   â€Å"act in such a way that you will always treat humanity, whether in your o wn person or the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end.†( self-preservation/selfrealization/charity) 3. CONVENTIONALISM OR CONTRACTARIAN THEORY THOMAS HOBBES What is good is agreed by the society through social contract TELEOLOGICAL THEORIES Telos- end Consequence oriented theory Good is based on the result of the act 1. HEDONISM Hedos – pleasure â€Å"eat and be merry for tomorrow you will die† Good is personal experience of pleasure ARISTIPPUS – The greatest pleasure/ pain is the greatest evil – The only norm of determining what is good is â€Å"the most intense sensual pleasure of the moment.† – Sexual act between lovers give one of the most intense sensual pleasure EPICURIUS – Man is material and spiritual (death is disintegration) – Man by nature seek pleasure – â€Å"good and evil consist in sensation but it should be directed by reason and virtue. – Real pleasure – moderation decided by the mind – Prudence – wisdom and capacity to control oneself – Social injustices source of pain in human relation 2. UTILITARIANISM Greatest good for the greatest number of people JEREMY BENTHAM – Good if it promotes greater good (generic law/ofw) – Bad – suffering – Quantitative utilitarianism – Utility or usefulness of an act JOHN STUART MILL – Qualitative utilitarianism – Not the act and its end but more on the dignity of the person but the dignity of the human agent. – â€Å"better to be dissatisfied than a pig satisfied† – Action is right if it promotes happiness/ bad-unhappiness – VIRTUE ETHICS Virtue- moral practice or action in conformity to a standard of right Wisdom based on knowledge of what is good Good is the possession of moral characters or virtues Reason elevates and leads man to things true and good Aristotle: good is based on function : rational faculty of man achieves excellence through exercise of virtue : moral virtue is a result of habit :ARETAIC ETHICS (ARETE – excellence or virtue) : focus on heart and character of the moral agent :Virtue ethics- disposition/motivation or trait of being good : self-actualization – doing good as a part of being a rational animal Golden mean or moderation SOCRATES: INTELLECTUALISM ïÆ'   knowledge is virtue / virtue is knowledge : â€Å"know thyself† : unexamined life is not worth living PLATO: PHILOSOPHICAL LIFE -contemplation of true and good is best for life DIVINE COMMAND THEORY Religious idea Rules and commandments provide moral guidance St. Thomas Aquinas: Natural law ETHICS OF CONSCIENCE Subjective norm of morality Based on natural law Voice of God / inner voice / other self Practical judgment of reason Types: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Right conscience – correct ethical evaluation good as good/ evil as evil Erroneous – good as evil and evil as good Certain – firm judgment of the validity and morality of an action Doubtful/dubious – uncertain Lax – bahala na / Scrupulous- sees evil or wrongness even though there is none

Otzi the Iceman

Otzi the Iceman is one of the greatest discoveries known to date. His discovery has a major significance throughout the world, for his age and excellent preservation, the equipment found with him and the contents of his stomach. Other factors which contribute to his significance are the number of different human blood samples found on his clothing and equipment. Carbon dating indicates that Iceman is over 5300 years old with nature preserving him to unprecedented levels. He was found high in the Alps where freezing temperatures and strong cold winds occur allowing him and his equipment to be preserved. The winds dried more than 90% of the liquid in his body which got rid of the parasites in his blood allowing him to freeze without decaying. His massive blood loss through his wound also helped the preservation process. Thanks to these conditions we can study Iceman’s life in the early Stone Age. Initially it was thought that Ozti died due to hypothermia. Later it was speculated that it was part of a sacrificial ceremony. These theories were put to rest after x-rays and CT scans revealed a flint arrow lodged in his left shoulder. Otzi died from a fatal shot approximately 30m away at a 25 degree angle from below. The x-rays and the CT scan also revealed deep cuts on both hands implying a struggle occurred before the final blow which was proved by multiple blood samples found on his equipment. This information concludes that the Stone Age was a violent Era. The Iceman’s equipment is a significant discovery as it tells us the story of his death. Multiple blood samples were found on his clothes and equipment strengthening the theory of murder. But this is not the main reason for its importance. A copper axe was found as part of his equipment with its handle still intact, the only one ever discovered. Not only it is unique but also sets the history of copper making back 500 years in Europe. These artefacts and pieces of evidence are major factor of the Iceman’s discovery. The contents of Otzi’s stomach lead the scientist along the path he has taken over 5300 years ago. Pollen analysis was used on the food found within his intestines to accurately point his route which he travelled up the mountains and the season he died in. It also concluded what tribe Otzi most likely came from. Other food found within his stomach determined what people ate during that period and the last meal of the Iceman. The discovery of Iceman is one of the greatest mankind’s treasures. Otzi’s preservation level allowed the world to have an insight into the lives of humans over 5300 years ago. He rewrote history with his age and equipment setting new records and helping us to understand our ancestry. Thus these factors make Otzi the Iceman a significant discovery.

Main body Essays

Main body Essays Main body Essay Main body Essay In William Wordsworth preface to his lyrical ballads he draws upon the fact that his poems are going to reflect ordinary things. He suggests ordinary things should be presented to the mind in an unusual way (357). This claim is no different than what is presented in his poem the convict. It can be argued that in his poem Wordsworth reveals his true feelings about prison reform at the time of writing and the empathy that he illuminates towards the convict is effective in engaging the readers sympathy. The fact that the poem is called the the convict allows the reader to fully understand that although we do not know the crime of the man we are aware his is a captive. Wordsworth th is attempting to present his views towards prison reform and treatment as the man appears to be held captive by the dungeon he is confined too. It can be argued the use of the term dungeon reflects conditions of prisons during the late eighteenth century. This is because as a reader we conjure up the image of been completely isolated and barricaded from all outside world, and from this image Wordsworth allows the reader to immediately feel sympathy towards the man, which only serves to highlight the oppression. Oppression that the conflict is subjected too in his time of imprisonment is clearly reflected by Wordsworth gloomy descriptions of his situation. His eyes look steadfast dejectionon the fetters that link him to death. To an extent this poem reflects treatment of the convicts during the romanticism era as he recognises the power of the monarchy that fetters, yet in using the word dejection Wordsworth appears to be highlighting his lack of freedom, and the hopelessness the convict feels within the situation. In describing his eyes to appear with a powerful dejected image Wordsworth is drawing upon the negativist effects of imprisonment and it can be argued this reflects his strong beliefs about prison reform. Through the technique and use of negative images Wordsworth appears to be encouraging the reader to empathize with the convicts sad eyes. Wordsworth it can be argued is highlighting his views on prison reform by using obscene imagery in order to show the injustice of the convicts oppression. He informs the reader how the man is so mobbed with guilt his bones are consumed, and his life-blood is dried. This quote it can be argued is reflecting Wordsworth belief on prisoner rehabilitation as he is stressing the emotion and guilt prisoners do feel for what they have done. By using the term dried it can be argued he is attacking prison offices and guards who no longer take notice in what the prisoners have to say, and leave them there to rot in their own guilt. This is further evident when the man wishes the past undo. It appears the man cannot get rid of the guilt he feels for the on his view. The use of the word blackened emphasizes the life of the prisoners during this time, and such darkening language, particularly the use of blood and dried encourages the reader to feel sympathy for prisoners who appear to have lost al l chance in life. It can be argued that Wordsworth clearly reflects his views on prison reform and the treatment of convicts in the late eighteenth century when he contrasts the prisoners situation with that of the monarch. The guilt the convict feels is contrasted with the monarch who from dark synod or blood reeking field. To his chamber is led. The image of a dark synod and blood reeking field bring much negative connotations to the crime of the monarch, it can be said they suggest a sinister, bloody crime and surely this may be no different from that of the convict. Yet the, similar crimes that the monarch has committed appear forgiven as all soothers of sense their soft virtue yield. It appears Wordsworth may be attacking the difference in treatment when he highlights the fact that the monarch returns to his chamber, this is a stark contrast from the convict been confined to the thick ribbed walls. In contrasting clear situations as a result of similar crimes it can be pointed out Wordsworth appe ars to be attacking the treatment and conditions of the prisoners during the late eighteenth century. These images in can be argued reflect the political oppression and harsh treatment towards convicts of captives during the time this poem is written, the silencing of the dog the jail mastiff causes the convict to clearly suffer, terror leaps at his heart. The personification of terror here can be argued highlights how those in power within the prisoner silence the captives, just as the jail-mastiff silences the convict. This quote it can be argued shows Wordsworth views on the treatment of the prisoners during this time. In silencing the convict by the howls of the jail-mastiff it can be said he is attacking how freedom and speech and movement is immediately took away from men in prisons. Through this presentation of loss of freedom, Wordsworth clearly engages the reader in order to highlight the empathy he feels, and also the narrator of this poem. The speaker has not come to look upon the captive and laugh or make fun of his situation, he comes as a brother thy sorrows to share. W ordsworth here shows how the narrator also feels empathy towards the captive. The word sorrow emphasizes the captive situation and it is through this Wordsworth is confirming his sympathy towards all those oppressed. Throughout the poem Wordsworth feelings and empathy are clearly evident to the reader. It appears that empathy is the main passion he is asking the readers to feel towards the convict. Throughout the poem he appears to have engaged the reader with sympathetic responses and ideas to this lack of freedom the convict has been subjected too. This is apparent from the opening of the play in which he describes the convict as an outcast of pity this engages the reader as it highlights that not only has the convict become an outcast with society, and lost his freedom he is also now an outcast of pity. This quote it can be argued engages the reader and allows the reader to feel much sorrow, as the man does not even have pity as a feeling. The situation of the common criminal is repeatedly addressed throughout the poem also; I think Wordsworth does this as an attack on the political system and treatment of the oppressed during this time. In revealing the criminals harsh prison life, Wordsworth it can be said is revealing important truths of lives of the criminals. He appears to take this situation that many men were troubled with and point out that freedom is so important to men and also empathy as a passion. The narrator who at the end explains my care, if the arm of the mighty were mine, would plant thee where thoust might blossom again further emphasizes this. This reflects the sorrow the narrator feels over the loss of freedom for the convict, Wordsworth is communicating to the audience how his chance for freedom is lost now he is in prison, and this serves as an attack against the rehabilitation of convicts.

Tolerance Issues in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tolerance Issues in Australia - Essay Example The implication here is that irrespective of racial or ethnic affiliation, all Australians are equal members of society and are accepted as such. According to Adams (1997), this supposition is little more than a myth or an exercise in politically correct, wistful, thinking. Not only has the dominant, Anglo-Saxon, group only recently embraced the principle of tolerance but have displayed a persistent proclivity for continued backtracking. To fully comprehend Adams' argument on the status of tolerance in Australian society, an explanation of his conceptualisation of the term is important. Tolerance is the acceptance of the other,' accompanied by recognition of the inherent value and equality of social/ethnic/racial groups. Tolerance is characterised by the embrace of moderation and the absence of ethnic/racial arrogance (Adams, 1997). It most certainly has its limitations and these limitations are reached when one's rights are transgressed upon or one's space is violated (Adams, 1997). The violation of one's place/space/rights generates fear which is, in turn, outwardly expressed through intolerance towards the others. In other words, there exists a fine line between tolerance and intolerance according to Adams' definition. Operating from within... Indeed, the land was violently wrested away from its native inhabitants and redefined in the White Man's image. As Adams' argues, "Australia was devised as a white man's country, defiantly and arrogantly white" (Adams, 1997: 13). Within the framework of the project for the re-creation of Australia, not only did tolerance have no place but intolerance, legitimised through conviction in the white race's superiority, was the main instrument. Historically, therefore, Australia was founded upon intolerance. It was only following the recreation of Australia as an Anglo-Saxon country and the solidification of the white man's status as the dominant socio-political group that Australians began to embrace the concept of tolerance. As may be inferred from Adams' discussion, Australia's embrace of the principle of tolerance was motivated by the growing popularity of liberalism, on the one hand, and enabled by racial confidence, on the other. Quite simply stated, the White Man believed that he had created a white Australia, forged a nation in his own likeness and hence, could afford to be tolerant towards minorities (Adams, 1997). As minority populations increased and Australia evolved into a more obviously multicultural society, the dominant group's tolerance was tested. According to Adams (1997: 13), "the voice of bigot has never been silenced in Australia." It was aroused upon the sensation of threat emanating from immigrant groups and the supposition that their growing number could instigate change in Australia's Anglo-Saxon identity. It was capitalised upon and exploited by Hanson and other right wingers who, not only divided the nation but, exposed the very narrow limits of tolerance in Australian society (Adams, 1997). Australia has for

Law for Non-Lawyers Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law for Non-Lawyers - Case Study Example Thereafter, Billy is under the influence of Alcohol, and he slaps the nurse when he is denied permission to see the wife in the hospital. Under these circumstances, the crown court has to put into consideration the various fields of law that Billy fails to adhere to; for instance, the Family Law- under the domestic violence, the criminal law- Assault on a public servant (Nurse) (Ferraro and Boychuck 209). Further insights into this situation is the place where the crime occurred, there is the presence of Children aged 5 and 8. Based on family laws, it is apparent that domestic violence propagates perilous effects on children because, at this ages children are at a critical stage of growth and development and exposure to domestic violence may change their perception and strategies to use in making decisions (Ferraro and Boychuck 209). Finally, the Crown Court may file a case against Billy on attempted murder on Hilda in using a chair leg to hit his wife. Using some peer reviewed journ als, secondary sources, publications, and statutes, the paper shall analyze a justified decision that the Crown Court may take concerning Billy’s situation (Asmus 115–158). According to Dr. Badawi & Jamal (1971), the both civilization and Christianity values the wellbeing of women and restores their rights. Therefore, a woman is a companion to the husband but not a legal obligation to him. In the first case, Billy assaults his wife by hitting her with a chair leg harming her. This is against the laws defined under section 47 on offences Against the Person Act 1861. Based on the offences Against the Person Act 1861, Billy’s act of assault falls under the intent of causing resulting to bodily harm or wounding (Asmus 115–158). In view of both the Crown Court sections, the court has every right to file a case against the assaults committed by Billy on Hilda and the nurse. However, the Crown Court will only open a case against Billy if Hilda accepts to file a case against Billy for the injuries sustained. For this reason, any course of action by the crown court is dependent on the Hilda’s decision, and the testimony that the children may provide to the Court on what they saw. They are the eyewitnesses on the circumstances surrounding the guilty consciousness of Billy (Asmus 115–158). Therefore, if Hilda takes a decision of opening a case against her husband, then, these puts the Crown into a better position of prosecuting Billy and justifies the issues surrounding the violence Act against Hilda. Hilda is a victim of violence to her husband the moment her rights are violated by Billy. It is very apparent that, Billy intended to cause violence because at the time of the crime, he was in his right frame of mind. Under the Family Violence Act, domestic violence is any form of mistreatment caused to a family member. The form of violence may involve children, close/elderly relatives, but violence occurs between spouses (Asmus 115 –158). Based on all these facts and the course of action taken by Hilda, Crown Court prosecutor may consider sentencing Billy for approximately 4 – 5 years. Considering the case, or rather, this incidence occurred in May 2004, a man

The Progressive Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Progressive Era - Essay Example The middle class, frightened by the economic unrest of the 1890's and the actions of giant business organizations, was more willing to accept progressive reforms than it had been earlier. After the quick victory in the Spanish-American War, there was a new feeling of confidence in the nation=s future. Progressivism had many aims. The general aims of Progressivism were as follows: to extend political democracy by shifting control of government from the political bosses and powerful industrialists to the people; to curb the power of big businessmen, in order to give greater economic opportunities to small business and labor; and to eliminate the social ills of society through needed reforms. Although the aims of Progressivism were shared by all Progressivists, support came from many different groups. Progressives came from both major parties, as well as from minor or third parties. Important political leaders in the movement included Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, and Governors Robert La Follette, Charles Evans Hughes, and Hiram Johnson. Support came from the farm, because the farmers wanted their problems to be recognized. Support came from artists and writers, who wrote stories about social ills. Progressivism accomplished many things. Political democracy was extended by initiative, referendum, recall, and the short ballot. The Seventeenth Amendment was passed and provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators. The Nineteenth Amendment gave the franchise to women to permit the selection of party candidates by registered voters. Many limitations and restrictions were placed on trusts. Monopolies were prosecuted and the Clayton Act was passed. The Federal Trade Commission Act was passed as well. Many laws which safeguarded labor and the public were enacted. More adequate factory and building inspection codes were adopted, greater provisions were made for sanitation and public health, and Congress enacted the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act which further improved the quality of foods. Perhaps the most dangerous beliefs of the progressive era may be the uncritical acceptance of the power of state to coerce individual behavior. The idea of individuality, which is vital for democracy, seemed, at times, to be threatened. This acceptance of the government's control over its nation's individuality opened the door for the surge of socialist views. The idea of a 'cooperative commonwealth' began to take it's roots in American society. (Dittmer, 12-22) Such socialist ideas and government control over individual behavior was very easy to sell to the poor working class, which made up a high percentage of America, who had become over-burdened by capitalist oppression. The government's ability to gain strength was looked upon by this class as the only way to control the overpowering private sector, which were the big-businesses. As Wilson stated 'Our duty [government] is to cleanse, to reconsider, to restore, to correct the evil without impairing the good, to purify and humaniz e every process of our common life without weakening or sentimentalizing it.' .In the idea of government controlling 'every process of our common life' lies a great danger; the control of government lying in the hands of the people, not the