The Progressive Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Progressive Era - Essay Example The middle class, frightened by the economic unrest of the 1890's and the actions of giant business organizations, was more willing to accept progressive reforms than it had been earlier. After the quick victory in the Spanish-American War, there was a new feeling of confidence in the nation=s future. Progressivism had many aims. The general aims of Progressivism were as follows: to extend political democracy by shifting control of government from the political bosses and powerful industrialists to the people; to curb the power of big businessmen, in order to give greater economic opportunities to small business and labor; and to eliminate the social ills of society through needed reforms. Although the aims of Progressivism were shared by all Progressivists, support came from many different groups. Progressives came from both major parties, as well as from minor or third parties. Important political leaders in the movement included Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, and Governors Robert La Follette, Charles Evans Hughes, and Hiram Johnson. Support came from the farm, because the farmers wanted their problems to be recognized. Support came from artists and writers, who wrote stories about social ills. Progressivism accomplished many things. Political democracy was extended by initiative, referendum, recall, and the short ballot. The Seventeenth Amendment was passed and provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators. The Nineteenth Amendment gave the franchise to women to permit the selection of party candidates by registered voters. Many limitations and restrictions were placed on trusts. Monopolies were prosecuted and the Clayton Act was passed. The Federal Trade Commission Act was passed as well. Many laws which safeguarded labor and the public were enacted. More adequate factory and building inspection codes were adopted, greater provisions were made for sanitation and public health, and Congress enacted the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act which further improved the quality of foods. Perhaps the most dangerous beliefs of the progressive era may be the uncritical acceptance of the power of state to coerce individual behavior. The idea of individuality, which is vital for democracy, seemed, at times, to be threatened. This acceptance of the government's control over its nation's individuality opened the door for the surge of socialist views. The idea of a 'cooperative commonwealth' began to take it's roots in American society. (Dittmer, 12-22) Such socialist ideas and government control over individual behavior was very easy to sell to the poor working class, which made up a high percentage of America, who had become over-burdened by capitalist oppression. The government's ability to gain strength was looked upon by this class as the only way to control the overpowering private sector, which were the big-businesses. As Wilson stated 'Our duty [government] is to cleanse, to reconsider, to restore, to correct the evil without impairing the good, to purify and humaniz e every process of our common life without weakening or sentimentalizing it.' .In the idea of government controlling 'every process of our common life' lies a great danger; the control of government lying in the hands of the people, not the

The Industrial Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Industrial Revolution - Essay Example The changes were far from beneficial for the working class who did not see an increase in their standard of living during the Industrial Revolution, but instead traded health, dignity, and emotional well being for a small increase in disposable income. The topic of the working class during this period has been one that has been widely and often debated. It can stir up highly charged emotions among historians and social scientists. While some arguments center on amelioration, others are more pessimistic in their viewpoint. The debate has become more interesting as the issues are applied to the global economy and the developing world of today. During this period of development in England, large numbers of the population were relocated from a self-sufficient agricultural economy to an urban factory setting. To entice the workers to move, an economic advantage, either real or perceived was necessary. Higher wages would be offered than could be realized from farm labor. However, the worker would trade social and environmental amenities for the higher pay. It is hypothesized that based on this trade of well being for wages, we can expect to find that when wages increased, living conditions were the poorest. Likewise, based on free market theory, the higher wages would initially create increased demand for products and higher prices. However, as production reached economies of scale, the market would reach equilibrium and result in modest financial rewards for the working class. Because standard of living denotes well being, it does not lend itself to mathematical evaluation. Much of it is qualitative and subjective. Often, even quantitative data from this period is subject to debate about its meaning and credibility. The data will be analyzed through a lens of objectivity and attempt to describe a condition as better or worse. Data such as wages and costs will be reported in real terms and consumption will be analyzed for quality of content. Definition of Terms For the purpose of this research the Industrial Revolution is defined as the period of 1770 to 1849. The research will consider the standard of living of the working class during this period. The post 1849 years will be evaluated and used for comparison where appropriate. This is consistent with many historians who consider the post 1849 period to be the Second Industrial Revolution. Graphical data will be presented for the years 1794 - 1849, the period that credible data is available. This 50-year period is an adequate representation of the major economic movements for the period. One of the overriding difficulties in approaching this topic is defining standard of living. Standard of living is comprised of several different attributes that may be material, emotional, or a combination of both. Standard of living includes wages and the amount of products consumed. It includes both necessities and luxury items. Standard of living considers the working conditions and the safety of the occupation. It also includes living conditions, the environment, and the health of the household. It further includes infant mortality and life span. As a measure of progress with respect to standard of living it will also evaluate education and literacy. This multitude of characteristics will combine to give a more complete picture of the standard

Benefits Of Becoming A Famous Sports Person Marketing Essay

Benefits Of Becoming A Famous Sports Person Marketing Essay In our vast world today, sport has become a rapid growing industry which most people regard it as a form on entertainment in their daily life. We live in an urban age where technology is so advance which enables us to watch live broadcasts of any sports we enjoy watching through various sports channels such as ESPN which cater to any sport fanatics needs. Firstly, people enjoy watching and playing sports as they wish to pursue their dreams in becoming a famous sportsperson one day. These enthusiastic sportspeople must persevere with full determination and concentration in excelling in their performance at the sport they have chosen. In my opinion, becoming a famous sportsperson brings many benefits to ones life as an individual would be able to reap special rewards, a countless sum of income, popularity amongst his fans, living an exclusive lifestyle and the ability to give training methods to inspiring athletes in the sports world. 2.0 2.1 Rewards Ive won the competition! It is every famous sports persons dream to be able to say this phrase. It is undeniable that winning in competition are crucial, whether for a famous sports person or an ordinary sports person. Everyone wants to perform well in their competition; the question is, what causes famous sports person work so hard for it? In my opinion, they want to get rewards from branded companies and government. 2.1.1 Sponsorship From Branded Companies A famous sports person usually able to get sponsorships from branded companies. This is because they work really hard and almost win every competition. Examples of branded companies are Nike, Adidas, Puma, Yonex, Carlton and Reebok. Sports persons need a huge amount of money to carry out their daily training, buy their sports equipments and accessories. Without the sponsorships, they will face a lot of obstacles in their sports life. Our famous sports persons Olympic gold medalist and Jamaican Sprinter Usain Bolt, they had just renewed their sponsorship arrangement with Puma until the end of 2013 lately. So Puma became the official supplier of training, performance, footwear and lifestyle apparel for Usain Bolt. Now, Usain Bolt can focus fully in his career without worries. 2.1.2 Government Incentive Besides, government incentive will be provided to the famous sports persons. This is because they have the responsibilities to take part in local, international and global tournaments. For instance, Olympic silver medallist Lee Chong Wei is to be made a Datuk by the Penang Government. In the other hand, Malaysia Government also rewarded a cheque of RM300000 for winning the silver medal at the Olympic Games and a mock cheque for RM3000 as the pension reward. The pension payments are for life. In short, the famous sports persons definitely will get sponsorships from branded companies and government incentive as long as they maintain their excellent performances. Sports persons achieve iconic status instantly with awesome performance and hence are selected by top brands for endorsing their goods. 2.2 Income Sports, apart from being a good way of testing an athletes expertise and skill, are also big money. Today, sports persons achieve iconic status immediately with excellent performance and hence are selected by top branded companies for endorsing their goods. Apart from prize money and salaries, this is also where many famous athletes make most of their money from. This has become a recent occurrence of paying millions of dollars to athletes as income, which makes most famous athletes filthy rich. 2.2.1 Receiving Contract From Exclusive Companies Receiving contracts from exclusive companies is one of the income sources of the famous sports person. The companies will hire the famous athletes for their promotion of merchandise and work as product spokesmen. This advertising effect manages to improve the companies sale. So the companies will not be stingy in spending millions of money for the famous sports person. 2.2.2 Prize Money Lastly, there is thousands of tournaments give away prize money for the winners. Sports person will receive a huge amount of money from winning tournaments held locally and globally. For example, Tiger Woods who has won 65 PGA tour events picked up $41 million in prize money and 14 major golf championships in 2009. Thus, prize money means a lot to sports person as this is one of the income source. In short, we may be in the midst of a global economic recession, however, the worlds top sportsperson are still up to their necks in money. And the cash came from salaries, prize money, licensing income, and endorsements. 2.3 Popularity In our modern world today, it has become a common necessity amongst people especially celebrities to have a good reputation through the form of popularity with the public. This is to ensure that their popularity amongst their fans remains strong as they must maintain their title. Sports celebrities for example require popularity to boost their existence as skilled sports people in the sports world, so that the competitiveness between other sports celebrities remains very intense as each player wants to achieve victory. 2.3.1 Performance In The Sports Firstly, in being a popular sportsperson one must always maintain his performance in the sport he specializes in as his fans would always cheer him on to provide the support he needs during the game. Through this advantage of support, a famous sportsperson must never slack off in his performance and feel arrogant as pride always comes before a fall. For example, Rafael Nadal who is a famous tennis player made a simple job of winning his second Wimbledon mens crown, swatting aside the giant Czech Tomas Berdych who was 6 feet tall to the score of 6-3, 7-5, 6-4 in two hours 13 minutes. During the game, the weather had affected the performance of both players, but it did not lose their determination in winning the game. The support of the crowd had boosted Rafael Nadals moral support as they shouted I love you, Rafa, soon followed by Youre a genius, Rafa. After Rafa Nadal had won the game his opponent Berdych shook his head in despair at the chances he had missed but both players left the court with confidence and comfort. Hence, Rafa Nadal has gained popularity amongst his fans through his outstanding performance in winning the tournament which has boosted his reputation among other famous tennis players. 2.3.2 Exclusive Lifestyle Secondly, popularity in being a famous sportsperson would give the benefits of living a luxurious lifestyle without worrying much financially as he has performed well in the sport whereby sponsors would provide everything he needs. Through popularity a famous sportsperson would also be able to experience exclusive events which are only meant for celebrities which would attract the media for the publics entertainment. For example, the 12th Annual ESPY Awards which was broadcasted on the sports channel called ESPN on Sunday, 18th July at 9 p.m from Hollywoods Kodak Theatre was a huge success. At the awards, many famous celebrities from different working backgrounds such as Samuel L. Jackson, Denzel Washington, Brooke Burke, The Rock and for the athlete presenters LeBron James, Tom Brady, Gary Payton, Terrell Owen and Serena Williams came together to celebrate this event. During the event, Denzel Washington also presented the ESPY Arthur Ashe Courage AwardThe Arthur Ashe Courage Award ( sometimes called the Arthur Ashe Award for Courage or Arthur Ashe for Courage Award) is an award that is part of the ESPY Awards. Although it is a sport-oriented awards, is not limited to sports-related people or actions. .. Click the link for more information.  to UNICEF ambassador and Liberian-born soccer star George Weah. The Annual Awards also acknowledged many top athletes who were ESPY Award nominees such as Walter Ray Williams,Jr. who was born on October 6, 1959 in Eureka, California and is among one of the top ranking professional Ten-pin bowlers in history. Walter Ray also currently holds the record for all time PBA career earnings which is over $4,000,000. Another celebrity sportsperson that was acknowledged was Martin St-Louis who was born on June 18, 1975 in Laval, Quebec, Canada and is a Ice hockey right winger who is French Canadian that has a playing career. Martin is also considered to be a diminutive player by NHL standards at 5 foot 9 at St Louis who has played six NHL seasons during the years of 2006 to 2007 for the Tampa Bay. Lastly the 12th annual ESPY Awards which was presented by Under Armour and GNC, gathered all entertainment and sports celebrities to recognize the top achievements earned by the sports people, salute the best performers and relive memorable moments during the awa rd ceremony. In short, popularity plays a major important role in the success of a famous sportsperson as he would have to strive in his sport with full determination and concentration to achieve victory and gain the support from his fans. 2.4 Rich lifestyle Living a rich lifestyle is everyones dreams. Nowadays we can see on news that most famous sportsperson is living in a rich lifestyle. But how does a rich lifestyle benefits them? 2.4.1 Able To Purchase Luxurious Items The advantage is that these famous sportsperson will be able to purchase luxurious items such as elegant clothes, jewelleries, famous cars, mansions and more. They are able to acquire these things as a result of their hard work and never giving up when they face obstacles. One of the examples of such a sports person is current Real Madrid footballer Cristiano Ronaldo. He is a talented footballer from Portugal at a young age. Although he suffered a sickness during a young age he never gave up his dream of becoming a footballer. When he moved to play for Manchester United in England, it was his most flourishing period. He was voted World Footballer of the Year, he won medals, trophies, honors, and he was used on many product advertisements. From all of that, he earned millions of pound or dollar. He spends all those money on items such as a Ferrari automobile, buys a big mansion at Manchester, go to nightclubs, eats in 8 star restaurants. Besides, he also spends money on women like buy ing them handbags, mobile phones, dresses and so on. 2.4.2 Donation For Charity Besides being able to purchase luxurious items, sometimes these famous sportsperson will donate their earnings to charities. They do things like feed and provide shelter for the poor, and funding for development of education. It is better to do good sometimes then spend all those wealth for themselves. Roger Federer is one such sportsperson that lives a rich lifestyle but still donates some of his earnings to charity. Roger Federer earned $26,464,458 in his 8 years of playing career and founded the Roger Federer Foundation. This foundation aims to assist poor and deprived children. After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, he wanted to influence other tennis players to assist those who are affected by the tsunami. Moreover, he wanted to play as many charity matches as possible because he said that he wanted to help those who are in need. Roger Federer also became the Goodwill Ambassador to UNICEF which aims to help those who are poor or deprived. As we can see, besides being able to purchase luxurious items for themselves, these famous sportsperson will also do charities for the poor and deprived. That is some of the things famous sportsperson who are living in a rich lifestyle can do. Hence, people who wants to be famous and lives in rich lifestyle must have a never give up attitude and work hard to achieve their dream. 2.5 Training Methods The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies as stated in the internet encyclopedia Wikipedia.. Different sportsperson has different training methods in their daily trainings. How can these training methods benefit them? 2.5.1 Improve Their Performance In The Sport To Keep Fit One of the benefits is that most famous sportsperson have to improve their performance so that they will not lose their grip on the sports they are in like running, football, badminton, and other sports as well. What the famous sportsperson can do is that they can hire coaches to train them to have better skill performance in a certain time period, or buy better quality training gears. An example of a famous sportsperson who improves his performance in running by hiring a coach is Ralph Doubell. Before he became famous, he was a nobody; and his running performance was slow. To overcome the problem, he hired a legendary coach who specialized in running to train him, and his name is Franz Stampel. Franz Stampels training methods included mainly repetition and interval running, means getting off slowly before the track season approaches, increasing the intensity as then running competition approaches. This particular training method leads to Ralph Doubells Olympic gold medal in the 800m running during the 1968 Olympic Games and that is how he became famous; from a nobody to a somebody. 2.5.2 Able To Use Their Knowledge In The Sport In addition, from the training methods that these famous sportsperson get to improve their performance in the sport to remain fit, they are able to use their knowledge in the sport to great benefits like giving advice to the public on how to improve their performance in sports. Hence, it would motivate others to become better.To give an example of such a famous sportsperson is tennis star Roger Federer. On 24 May 2010 during the French Open, Roger Federer got interviewed. What he said on the interview was quite inspirational. In the interview, the interviewer ask him if a young player came to see him and asked what is the right motivation for him to have to become a champion, and has Roger Federer lack any motivation during his career. He explained that every player will go through a tough time throughout their career. When these players are young they have tremendous pressure surrounding them and these young players will want to prove their critics wrong so they will lose a little m otivation in the beginning. Besides that, he also said that young players must not give up easily when they are losing a match and must put a 100% into the game so that their opponent will respect them as they will train better like this. So, besides aiming to get their performances improve, famous sportsperson sometimes will also give inspirational talks or interviews to inspire other sportsperson to do better. These are some of the things that famous sportsperson can do to benefit themselves and others too. Everyone must take an example out of these famous sportsperson as they can teach us something we never knew before. Conclusion To conclude famous sports people have more benefits compared to normal sports people. These famous sports people however, do not become famous overnight as they must have the passion to pursue their dreams since young with full determination and concentration in perfecting their skills in the sport they have specialized in. Famous sports people who have made history such as Michael Jordan and Charles Barkley from the NBA (National Basketball Association) have also given motivational quotes to inspiring young athletes by saying You have to expect things of yourself before you can do them by Michael Jordan and I know that Im never as good or bad as any single performance. Ive never believed my critics or my worshippers, and Ive always been able to leave the game at the arena by Charles Barkley. Through this, I believe that anyone can become a famous sportsperson as the hard work you put in pays off with loads of benefits. References Puma Renews Sponsorships with Usain Bolt 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.8264.net/html/Sports_News/International_Sports_Industry/201008/25-9451.html Beijing Olympics : Silver For Malaysia 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://warkah.com/beijing-olympics-silver-for-malaysia/ Highest Paid Athletes 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/highest-paid-athletes.html The 10 highest earning sports stars in the world 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.thesportreview.com/tsr/2009/08/the-10-highest-earning-sports-stars-in-the-world/ Nadal cruises past Berdych to win second title 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://2010.wimbledon.org/en_GB/news/match_reports/2010-07-04/201007041278253424945.html Celebrity Presenter and Athlete Attendees Announced 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Celebrity+Presenters+and+Athlete+Attendees+Announced+for+the+12th-a0118854625 Charity: 10 Generous Sports Personality Who Help Ordinary People 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://techblogbiz.blogspot.com/2006/10/charity-10-generous-sports.html The Training Methods of Three Famous Distance Coaches 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.athleticscoaching.ca/UserFiles/File/Sport%20Science/Theory%20%20Methodology/Endurance/General%20Concepts/TMEGC_Pilone_The_Training_Methods_of_Three_Famous_Distance_Coaches.pdf Roger Federal Interview French Open 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.tennis-x.com/story/2010-05-24/h.php

Violence Essay -- Handguns Firearms Essays

Violence Skills & Science of Doctoring By now images of horror and shock like the one of students and teachers crying at Buell Elementary have become all-too-common. As we reel once again from the terrible thought that an innocent life has been taken and it was a child who pulled the trigger, we should be vigilant for the next event, which is becoming equally predictable†¦ As public health professionals, we are trained to ask important questions so we can treat both the symptoms and root causes of a sickness. We will give a child medicine for a fever, but also antibiotics for the microorganism causing the illness. The question to ask when diagnosing this tragedy is a simple one: Where did a seven-year-old boy get a loaded gun? (â€Å"Physicians†) Many physicians feel that they do not have a direct influence on preventing violence. Yet, as patient advocates, it is often physicians who have the best opportunity to intercede on the behalf of patients in potentially violent circumstances. Numerous paradigms of violence exist, and it may be difficult for the physician to cover the range of issues productively and efficiently in a single visit. Instead, the physician may wish to confront these topics over a series of visits to best assess the patient’s willingness to discuss these issues and act in the recommended manner. This paper serves not only to bring to light issues of violence with which a physician may be presented, but also provides a model for discussing these issues with patients to best provide preventative techniques. Historically, violence has been dealt with by local communities and governmental agencies. However, recent studies show that the propensity towards violence begins in one’s childhood. Specifically... .... Aug 1998, 152(8): 749-56. Kaplan, Sandra J. MD Family Violence: A Clinical and Legal Guide. American Psychiatric Press, Inc. Washington, DC 1996. Newberger, Eli H. Child Abuse. Violence in America: A Public Health Approach. Oxford University Press. NY 1991. â€Å"Physicians for Social Responsibility: Violence Prevention.† [online:web]. www.psr.org â€Å"Public Housing Drug Elimination Program; Gun Buyback Violence Reduction Initiative.† Join Together Online. [online:web]. www.jointogether.org â€Å"Research Reveals Links Between Substance Abuse and Gun Violence.† Join Together Online. [online:web]. www.jointogether.org Rosenberg, Mark L. & Mercy, James A. Assaultive Violence. Violence in America: A Public Health Approach. Oxford University Press. NY 1991. â€Å"Stop Handgun Violence.† [online:web]. www.stophandgunviolence.com

Little Miss Oversexualized

Little Miss Over Sexualized The way that media portrays children today is just plain disgusting. Not only is it inappropriate, it also severely damages the self-esteem of children all over the world. When companies like Vogue put out advertisements of children as young as 10 years old dressed in skimpy clothes, full make-up, and posed very provocatively what does that say to every day children? This is how you need to look to be â€Å"beautiful† or this is how they need to dress and act to be one of the â€Å"cool kids†?The media, whether it is television, magazines, or newspaper are causing huge problems to the self-esteem of children today, especially young girls by putting out advertisements that over sexualize them. Established in 1892 and begun printing advertisements in 1909 Vogue Magazine has been the authority on high class fashion for the past one hundred plus years. (History of 1)In January 2011 edition of French Vogue published a full 15 page spread featuring Thylane Loubry Blondeau a 10 year child model in full make-up, dressed in stimulating clothing, and posed very provocatively.Needless to say this caused a big controversy about over sexualizing children, not only in France but around the world. â€Å"In Britain, Labor Parliament Member Helen Goodman called the photos ‘disgraceful and totally irresponsible†¦Vogue has descended into the gutter by doing this’ (10-year-old 1). Although most of these ads are not aimed directly at small children and pre-teens, they are viewed by them and the effect it is having on them is devastating. Children are developing several different emotional, psychological and physical issues.These issues include but are not limited to: inability to relate to peers, eating disorders, depression and even promiscuity. In her article â€Å"Sex images in media harming kids' mental health† Janelle Miles, a long time journalist for the Australian news publication â€Å"The Courier-Mailâ₠¬  writes: â€Å"Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists president Louise Newman said ‘evidence was emerging that childhood exposure to developmentally inappropriate sexualized images and messages was associated with low self-esteem, depression and eating disorders’.Professor Newman said child psychiatrists were seeing an increasing number of younger children presenting with negative self-esteem and body image issues. Exposure to sexualizing messages contributes to girls defining their self-worth and popularity in terms of sexual attractiveness, with negative impact on self-esteem,’ Prof. Newman said. ‘Excessive focus on appearance and a narrow definition of attractiveness has been found to contribute to the development of abnormal eating behaviors and a lack of positive body image.What's particularly concerning is some primary school-aged children, and even preschoolers, are presenting with some of these concerns. ‘I've seen children as young as four telling me . . . they're ugly’. That's appalling. Children are very receptive and influenced by what's in the world around them† (Miles 1). Although children are being exposed to a barrage of over sexualized print ads, the media does not stop there. Over the last twenty years television shows and commercials have begun to over sexualize young children and teens at an alarming rate.In 1995 the â€Å"Parent Television Counsel was founded to ensure that children are not constantly assaulted by sex, violence and profanity on television and in other media. This national grassroots organization has more than 1. 3 million members across the United States, and works with television producers, broadcasters, networks and sponsors in an effort to stem the flow of harmful and negative messages targeted to children. The PTC also works with elected and appointed government officials to enforce broadcast decency standards.Most importantly, the PTC produces critical res earch and publications documenting the dramatic increase in sex, violence and profanity in entertainment† (PTC Study 1) Increasingly alarming are the Television shows such as â€Å"Toddlers in Tiaras† and â€Å"Little Miss Perfect† showing parents pushing children as young as 2 years old to compete in beauty pageants. The parents scream and yell at these young children and sometimes guilting them into participating in these pageants. These kids are put into frilly dresses, make-up caked on their little faces, and they are told â€Å"if they don’t win mommy will be disappointed. What kind of message does this send to children who are in the middle of developing their identity? Interestingly in December 2010 the PTC completed a study called â€Å"Tinsel town’s New Target: A study of Teen Female Sexualization on Primetime TV. The content of this report was based on the most popular prime time shows among 12-17 year olds during the 2009-2010 televisio n seasons. The following are some alarming facts produced from that report: Underage female characters are shown participating in a higher percentage of sexual depictions compared to adults (47% and 29% respectively).Only 5% of the underage female characters communicated any form of dislike for being sexualized (excluding scenes depicting healthy sexuality). Out of all the sexualized female characters depicted in the underage and young adult category for the entire database, 86% were presented as only being of high school age. Seventy-five percent of shows that included sexualized underage female characters were shows that did not have an â€Å"S† descriptor to warn parents about the sexual content.Based upon a definition established by the American Psychological Association of â€Å"healthy† vs. â€Å"unhealthy† sexuality, the study findings show that 93% of the sexual incidents involving underage female characters occurred within a context that qualified as â €Å"unhealthy. † The data revealed that 98% of the sexual incidents involving underage female characters occurred outside of any form of a committed relationship. The data show that 73% of the underage sexualized incidents were presented in a humorous manner or as a punch line to a joke. PTC Study 1) Tim Winters the President of the PTC said â€Å"The results from this report show Tinsel town’s eagerness to not only objectify and fetishize young girls, but to sexualize them in such a way that real teens are led to believe their sole value comes from their sexuality. This report is less about the shocking numbers that detail the sickness of early sexualization in our entertainment culture and more about the generation of young girls who are being told how society expects them to behave†( PTC Study1). Contrary to the belief in this country, children of today’s society are not stupid.It has long been said by many different expert that children’s brain s process and absorb information twice as fast as an adult. Benjamin Barber a renowned political scientist who earned his Ph. D. from Harvard University in 1966 writes in his 1993 article â€Å"America Skips School. †: â€Å"The young, with their keen noses for hypocrisy, are in fact adept readers-but not of books. They are society-smart rather than school-smart, and what they read so acutely are the social signals emanating from the world in which they will have to make a living.Their teachers in that world, the nation’s true pedagogues, are television, advertising, movies, politics, and the celebrity domains they define. We prattle about deficient schools and the gullible youngsters they turn out, so vulnerable to the siren song of drugs, but think nothing of letting the advertisers into the classroom to fashion what an Advertising Age essay calls ‘brand and product loyalties through classroom-centered, peer powered lifestyle patterning’†(116). In conclusion advertisements that over sexualize children are not going to stop.The government needs to listen to the hundreds of studies that have been completed to show that these advertisements have a huge psychological and sometimes physical impact on children, and they need to put a stop to it. Parents, start teaching your children that they do not have to be a super model to be a good person, just be themselves. Works Cited Barber, Benjamin R. â€Å"America Skips School. † Writing On The River. 3RD ed. Chattanooga: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2012. 116. Print. Graff, Amy. â€Å"10-year-old Fashion Model Sparks Debate | The Mommy Files | an SFGate. om Blog. † The Mommy Files | an SFGate. com Blog. SFGate, 9 Aug. 2011. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. â€Å"History of Vogue Magazine. † History of Vogue Magazine. Vouge Magazine, n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. Miles, Janelle. â€Å"Sex Images in Media Harming Kids' Mental Health. † CourierMail. Couriermail. com. au, 17 Mar. 2010. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. â€Å"PTC Study: Sexualized Teen Girls Are Tinseltown's New Target. † PTC Study: Sexualized Teen Girls Are Tinseltown's New Target. Parent Television Council, 25 Dec. 2010. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. .

Economics light Essay

Q1. Mention the problem? The problem of that case study is the organizational conflict i.e. every functional manager is trying to get his own interest; therefore, the working climate became disturbed. In other words, it is possible to say that it is a communication issue. Q2.What did sales managers do? The problem of the sales manager lies in focusing on getting more customers more than thinking of getting more profitable orders. Q3. What did manufacturing managers do?  The problem with the manufacturing managers consists in disordering of work steps, light color orders and dark color orders, which in turn wastes time and money. Q4. State your opinion to solve the problem? SOLUTION 1. Sales manager: He should modify the pricing policy for â€Å"rush orders† in a way that enables the company to exceed its breakeven point and get at least its profitable processing .i.e. to make a special price for rush orders. 2. Manufacturing manager: He should review the cleaning process and try to implement a more cost reducing efficient method. 3. General manager: * He should consider introducing a new machine, one for light color and the other for dark color, hence, reducing the cost of getting a new machine will be covered by eliminating the cost of cleaning and cost of time wasted. * He should ensure that the 250 workforce are aware of that every workers effort and role is step in many pre and post steps. Hence the notion of teamwork will prevail. * Every worker should be aware of not only his own task but also the tasks of all his coworkers to get the value of his own role and appreciate it so self esteem will prevail. * As for , the functional managers, especially, the manufacturing and sales managers should be aware of their critical position and try to be farsighted to the long run  objectives not only the short run. They should get rid of their personal interests and vision. They should cooperate and try to implement an overall objective. Done by Abdulla Talal Alsada BH05501669 SBI((FF))